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Micro/Macro Economics Test Review

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Term
Definition
Produce   To make a good or provide a service  
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Incentives   Actions that encourage or discourage people from doing something  
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Price Ceiling   The Maximum price that can be placed on a good or service  
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Price Floor   The Minimum price that can be placed on a good or service  
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Needs   Goods that are necessities  
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Wants   goods that are desired but not needed  
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Elasticity   How much of a good demanded or supplied changes when its price changes  
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Inelastic demand   When the quantity demanded changes very little when the price changes  
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Masimize   to make as large as possible  
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revenue   the total income received from an economic action  
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Marginal benefit   Change in benefit in response to a specific action  
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Marginal cost   the cost associated with one additional unit of production  
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Marginal revenue   the income received from selling one additional unit of a good or service  
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Profit   income received from an economic action minus the cost of taking the action  
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Opportunity   a favorable occasion to complete or participate in something  
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Absolute advantage   the ability of one party to produce a good or service at a lower cost than any other competitor  
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comparative advantage   the ability of one party to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than any competitor  
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Efficient   completed in the fastest amount of time using the fewest number of resources  
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Specialization   The act of limiting the kinds of goods and services produced  
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compete   to work toward a goal while attempting to defeat rivals  
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Monopolistic competition   a market structure in which many sellers produce the same item but each producer sets its own price and quality without impacting the whole market  
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Monoply   a market that has a single supplier of a good or service  
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Oligopoly   a market situation that exists when there are few businesses in a marketplace  
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Pure competition   a market with many sellers of products, free flow of information and free entry to and exit from the marketplace  
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Sovereignty   a controlling influence on a market  
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Macroeconomics   the study of economics with a focus on large groups or units such as nations  
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aggregate   a total amount  
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sector   a subdivision within an economy  
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Gross Domestic Product   The value of all final goods & services produced during a specific period of time  
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Indicators   data used to evaluate the current and future health of an ecomomy  
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Output   the goods and services produced by an economy  
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per capita   per person  
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offset   something that balances or makes up for something else  
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Unemployment   the situation of not having a paid job, or the number of workers without jobs  
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growth   increase or enlargement  
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income   the money a person earns for providing a service or selling goods  
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Ownership   the right to possess something  
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Private Property   land or goods owned and used by a person  
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Public property   land or goods owned by the government  
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wealth gap   the economic difference between rich and poor people  
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competition   what happens when two or more parties seek the same prize or benefit  
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restrict   to create limits  
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regulation   the placing of limits or restrictions on business activity by government  
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Free enterprise   An economic system in which there are minimal restrictions on business ownership and activity  
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