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AP Human Geo

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Term
Definition
Language   show
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Mutual intelligibility   show
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Standard language   show
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Dialect   show
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show A group of contiguous dialects where the dialects nearest to each other geographically are the most similar and the dialects farther apart are least similar.  
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Isogloss   show
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Language family   show
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show Divisions within a language family where commonalities are more definite and the origin is more recent.  
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show A word in one language that shares its origin with a word in another language. Cognates have similar meanings and spellings and show shared origins and connections among languages.  
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show Process where discrete, new languages are eventually formed from one language. Happens when people speaking two dialects of a language are relatively isolated from each other and have little spatial interaction; the opposite of language convergence.  
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show Tracking sound shifts and hardening consonants backward to uncover an original language.  
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show Process where two languages collapse into one language. Happens when people speaking two languages have frequent and consistent spatial interaction with each other; the opposite of language divergence.  
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Extinct language   show
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show Idea that early speakers of Proto-Indo-European left the hearth area and moved westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues.  
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Agriculture Theory   show
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show A language used in everyday interaction among a group of people in a local area.  
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Lingua franca   show
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show Combination of two or more languages in a simplified structure and vocabulary.  
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show A language that began as a pidgin language and was later adopted as the mother tongue of a people. Critical geopolitics  
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Toponym   show
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