Words and definitions for the 31 vocabulary words in Chapter 10.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Gross National Product (GNP) | A measurement of a country's wealth which uses the total value of all goods and services produced by it's residents. Includes domestic and foreign production in the time span of a year.
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| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | A measurement of a country's wealth which uses the total value of all goods and services produced by a country, in the span of a year.
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| Gross National Income (GNI) | A measurement of a country's wealth which uses the total value of all goods and services produced by a country, as well as income from outside investments, in the span of a year.
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| Per Capita GNI | The GNI of a given country divided by its population count.
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| Formal Economy | Economic activity in government regulated and taxed goods and services, such as agriculture, mining, industry, and services.
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| Informal Economy | Economic activity not taxed or regulated by the government, using barter or cash systems, or earnings which are not reported.
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| Digital Divide | The growing gap between access to Internet and communication technology between connected and remote places.
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| Dependency Ratio | Number of people of non-working age (0-14 and 65+) to working age (15-64)
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| Sustainable Development Goals | An agreement between members of the United Nations to improve people's lives across education, environment, policial liberty, poverty, and inequality.
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| Modernization Model | The theory of how countries follow the same path of development. Made by Walter Rostow.
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| Context | The physical and human geography which creates place, environment, and space in which events occur and people act.
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| Neocolonialism | The economic and financial policies which give higher income states and organizations more control over lower income states.
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| Structuralist Theory | Set of theories based on the idea that a difficult to change, large scale economic arrangement shape what is possible for a country.
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| Dependency Theory | Theory by Andre Gunder Frank which states that wealthy countries set exploitative economic relations which cause less wealthy countries to become dependent on them
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| Dollarization | When a country abandons its native currency and instates the currency of another country
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| World Systems Theory | Theory by Immanuel Wallerstein, categorized by his three-tier structure. Describes how social change and economic wealth in the periphery is linked by the core.
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| Three Tier Structure | Division of the world into Core, Semi-periphery, and Periphery.
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| Core | The dominant world economy
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| Periphery | Lowest end of the world economy dominated by semi-periphery and core
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| Semi-Periphery | Middle end of world economy, exploited by core but exploits periphery
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| Commodity Chain | The steps between the production of a good, from design and raw materials to its production, marketing, and distribution.
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| Break of Bulk Point | A place where goods are transferred from one mode of transportation to another.
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| Structural Adjustment Loans | The set of rules required to open markets, privatize industry, and allow foreign direct investments into developing countries from international institutions.
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| Washington Consensus | International agreement stating that opening markets in developing countries will lead to economic development.
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| Neoliberalism | Policies based on the theory that governments should not interfere on markets.
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| Trafficking | Forced migration in which organized criminals forcefully and illegally move people from one place to another.
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| Maquiladora | Foreign factories in Mexico in which low-wage workers assemble imported materials into products to export.
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| Desertification | Spread of desert conditions to semi arid lands from overuse or improper use of land and water resources.
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| Islands of Development | Cities in developing regions where foreign investment is focused on. which draws in rural migrants.
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| Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) | Privately funded organizations which do development and relief work.
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| Microcredit Programs | The practice of giving smaller loans to individuals, which then operate in within a community, which start businesses.
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