610 Final Exam
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| show | The inner surface of the small intestine contains millions of tiny fingerlike projections called villi, which are clustered over the entire mucous surface. They are responsible for absorbing the products of digestion into the blood stream.
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| What problem do we observe for and prevent post surgically on ileostomy patients? | show 🗑
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| show | Special problems associated with radiation therapy include the development of an esophagotracheal fistula (an abnormal passage between two internal organs). Aspiration from the fistula and edema from the radiation must be anticipated.
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| show | EGD, enables evaluation of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
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| show | Inability of a muscle to relax, particularly the cardiac sphincter of the stomach.
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| What kind of diet will be encouraged for patients with acuyte diverticulitis? | show 🗑
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| show | Treatment includes eating six small meals daily that are high in protein and fat and low in carbohydrates, eating slowly, and avoiding fluids during meals.
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| show | No pain medications, no heat pack, no enema or laxative
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| show | The specimen should be taken to the laboratory within 30 minutes of collection in specified container.
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| What is strangulated hernia? | show 🗑
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| What nursing interventions are implemented s/p a liver biopsy? | show 🗑
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| What procedure is performed to reduce ascites? | show 🗑
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| show | After the procedure, keep the patient NPO until gag reflex returns; assess for abdominal pain, tenderness, and guarding.
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| Flapping tremors (asterixis) is seen in patient suffering from what? | show 🗑
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| show | Esophageal varices (a complex of longitudinal, tortuous veins at the lower end of the esophagus) enlarge and become edematous as the result of portal hypertension.
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| show | Ammonia
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| show | Lactulose and Neomycin
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| show | Pain in the RUQ epigastric region. The pain radiates around the midtorso to the right scapular area. Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and flatulence.
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| show | Oral-fecal route
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| show | Dye is injected for radiographic visualization of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. ERCP of the pancreas is a sensitive and reliable procedure for detecting clinically significant degrees of pancreatic dysfunction -- assess for pancreatitis
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| show | Proteinis a breaksown product of ammonia and the liver cannot metabolize the ammonia
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| What is Cyclosporine and when is it prescribed? | show 🗑
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| show | Infection
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| show | Jaundice is the discoloration of body tissues caused by abnormally high blood levels of bilirubin (bilirubin exceeds 2.5 mg/dL). Tests ordered are AST, ALT and LDH
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| What are the common causes of pancreatitis? | show 🗑
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| show | To avoid stimulating pancreatic activity, and IV fluids are administered. The patient is on NPO status, and an NG tube is inserted to decrease pancreatic stimulation, treat or prevent nausea and vomiting, and decrease abdominal distention.
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| show | Phagocytosis
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| show | A differential white blood cell count is an examination in which the different kinds of WBCs are counted and reported as percentages of the total examined. They can indicate severe infection
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| Plasma make us what percentage of blood? | show 🗑
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| show | Severe Infection
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| show | Bone Marrow
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| What is the spleen and what is stored there? | show 🗑
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| What is Pernicious Anemia? | show 🗑
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| What nursing care is implemented for patients with multiple myeloma? | show 🗑
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| What side effects occur with iron supplements? | show 🗑
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| What is the occurrence of sickle cell anemia? | show 🗑
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| show | 150,000-400,000
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| show | Start bleeding precautions: watch for bleeding, soft toothbrush, electric razor
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| show | Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, over stimulation of clotting and anti-clotting process
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| What is Hodgkin's disease and what type of cells do we see with this disorder? | show 🗑
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| show | Excessive production of RBCs, phlebotomy, removal of 500-2000 ml of blood
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| show | Thrombocytopenia
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| show | Increased WBCs, decreased RBCs, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow aspiration shows abnormal lymphocytes
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| What are s/s of anaphylatic reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | Autoimmune disorders may be described as an immune attack on the self and result from the failure to distinguish “self” protein from “foreign” protein.
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| show | The patient must always be observed for at least 20 minutes after administration because hypersensitivity reaction or anaphylaxis may occur.
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| show | Epinephrine SQ 0.2-0.5ml 1/1000
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| show | Hypersensitivity reaction is an inappropriate and excessive response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen. Delayed major process that leads to organ transplant rejection
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| show | Immunosuppression is a serious side effect of cytotoxic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy.
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| show | Allergy shots, increase amount and concentration in 6 week cycles
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| show | 30 minutes to start transfusion and 4 hours max to administer
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| What are the s/s of blood transfusion reaction and what is the nurses initial action? | show 🗑
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| show | Development of antibodies from HIV, which takes place approximately 5 days to 3 months after exposure, generally within 1 to 3 weeks. HIV antibodies will usually appear in 95% of people within 3 months, and 99% will seroconvert within 6 months.
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| What do you do if exposed to HIV in the workplace? | show 🗑
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| How long does it typically take to convert from HIV to AIDS? | show 🗑
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| show | HIV results from progressive deterioration of the immune system, CD4+ count is less than 200
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| show | HIV positive, opportunistic disease CD4+ count less than 200
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| What blood test/tests nare done to diagnose HIV? | show 🗑
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| show | Women and children
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| What extra precautions do we take with patients diagnosed with Pneumocystic carinili pneumonia? | show 🗑
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| show | Unprotected sex
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| If a patient has an elevated PSA, what does the physician do next? | show 🗑
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| show | Interfere with cells ability to multiply and reproduce
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| What is the definition of cachexia? | show 🗑
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| show | 5000 - 10,000
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| What do we implement if WBC is elevated? | show 🗑
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| What do we implement if WBCs is below normal? | show 🗑
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| show | Something that has its origin within an individual, especially a factor present in tissues or fluids.
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| show | Inflammation of the mouth
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| show | Antiemetic
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| show | Administerd over 5-minute period, beginning 30 minutes before chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting
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| What is palliative surgery? | show 🗑
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