Vet Tech Small Animal Surgical Nursing
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| show | To cut inanimate objects (sutures, sponges, etc.)
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| What is the intended use for Mayo Scissors? | show 🗑
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| What is the intended use for Metzenbaum Scissors? | show 🗑
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| show | The horizontal serrations only extend half the length of the jaw on Kelly forceps vs. the entire length seen in Crile.
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| Describe Rochester-Pean Forceps: | show 🗑
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| show | It has scissors built into the jaw allowing for suture cutting without needing another instrument.
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| show | Blades numbered 10-15
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| show | Blades numbered 20-23 (usually large animal surgery)
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| show | Thoracic, vascular or neurologic procedures. Delicate tissue.
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| When is it most appropriate to use a Gelpi retractor? | show 🗑
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| What is the Finochietto retractor used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Breaking up bits and pieces of bone for grafting purposes.
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| What is the intended use for a Balfour retractor? | show 🗑
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| show | Poole
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| An increased PCV may indicate: | show 🗑
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| What is the normal PCV in a canine? | show 🗑
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| show | 27 - 48%
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| A blood glucose reading of less than ____mg/dl indicates hypoglycemia in both dogs and cats. | show 🗑
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| show | 80 - 130mg/dl
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| A normal blood glucose range for Felines is between: | show 🗑
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| BUN levels are used to evaluate: | show 🗑
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| Define Prophylaxis: | show 🗑
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| What are the 5 determining factors for selecting a catheter? | show 🗑
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| show | How well blood pumps to and from the heart.
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| show | Coughing, fogging in tube, blowing of gauze or hair at end of tube, air movement, palpation
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| What is a Pulse Deficit? | show 🗑
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| Define Pulse Strength: | show 🗑
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| show | 35 - 45mm Hg
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| Which drug class causes muscle rigidity? | show 🗑
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| A blood pressure cuff should be what % of the width of the limb? | show 🗑
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| What does the term: "Surgical Conscience" mean? | show 🗑
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| show | When liquids soak through a drape from a sterile area to an unsterile area.
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| show | Occurs when microorganisms are released from the body of surgery personnel into the environment. (Sweat, hair follicles)
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| show | 1) FDA compliant, 2) Broad activity spectrum, 3) fast & effective, 4) non-irritating, 5) persistent effects & cumulative activity.
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| show | Indicates the palm of the hand is facing upward or outward.
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| show | The rotation of the hand and forearm so the palm faces backward or downward.
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| What solutions are used to keep exposed tissues moist? | show 🗑
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| Approx. how many mls of Blood does a 3x3 and 4x4 sponge hold? | show 🗑
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| show | 1/2 to 3/4 inch from the incision line
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| show | Just under the skin to eliminate need for skin sutures.
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| Where and why are Subcutaneous suture patterns placed? | show 🗑
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| show | Usually on a hollow organ (stomach, bladder, intestine) to create a fluid tight & relatively air-tight apposition.
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| show | Time consuming and results in more foreign materials in the wound (sutures).
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| show | Horizontal mattress
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| If pulled too tightly, which suture pattern can result in an inverting pattern? | show 🗑
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| show | 10-14 days postoperatively
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| What tools are used to remove sutures? | show 🗑
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| show | Using thumb tissue forceps, grab the free end of the suture and using the hook blade of suture removal scissors, cut the suture next to the knot. Cut every 3rd or 4th stitch and pull each out with the forceps.
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| How should the patient be positioned for an abdominal procedure? | show 🗑
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| show | With a simple interrupted or continuous suture pattern or with staples.
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| show | Separation of all layers of an incision or wound resulting from suture breakage, knot slippage/untying or by the animal chewing/scratching the site.
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| show | Pleating or folding of the intestines sometimes caused by linear foreign bodies (ex: ingested string).
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| What is the primary reason to perform a Gastrotomy? | show 🗑
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| show | Hair ball
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| Why are Stay Sutures applied during a gastrotomy procedure? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary reason to perform a Enterotomy? | show 🗑
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| show | Clamping of the intestine on either side of the incision site to prevent contents from leaking into the abdomen during an enterotomy procedure.
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| show | Monofilament, taper-point suture in a simple, interrupted suture pattern.
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| What is ischemia? | show 🗑
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| Why is it necessary to wrap an anastomosis site with omentum? | show 🗑
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| show | The rotation of an organ
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| show | Gastric Dilation and Volvulus
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| show | Severe abdominal distention past the rib cage, restlessness, hypersalivation, abdominal pain, retching/dry-heaving, signs of shock.
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| show | 1) Stabilization/reversal of shock 2) decompression of stomach gas 3) Surgery to re-position organs or permanently affix the stomach (gastropexy)
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| What does a Gastropexy accomplish? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac arrhythmias lasting 2-3 days post-op.
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| show | To aid in retrieval of cystic calculi, especially if in neck of the bladder
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| What are Tenotomy scissors used for? | show 🗑
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| What is Entropion? | show 🗑
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| What is the Holtz-Celsus Procedure? | show 🗑
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| show | The application of an external cast or splint to immobilize a fracture.
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| show | Pre and Post op support of a hip luxation
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| show | Pre and Post op support of humeral or femoral fractures
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| The Velpeau sling is used for: | show 🗑
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| show | 3-4 times a day. Check for swelling, slippage, moisture or soiling
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| show | Age of the patient, whether active growth plates are present, proper confinement and restriction of activity, size and weight, too much force or pressure on repaired limb, owner compliance.
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| show | Grade 1 = small puncture hole in skin. Bone broke through but no longer visible. Soft tissue damage minimal
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| Describe Grade 2 of an Open Fracture: | show 🗑
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| show | Grade 3 = large tears, loss of skin. Soft tissue damage extensive - usually from severe bone fragmentation or force of external impact. Shearing injuries also fall into this category.
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| show | Fractures involving the growth plate cartilage. a.k.a Salter-Harris fractures.
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| show | The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous structure between the femur and tibia that acts as a cushion and helps center the joint.
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| What does 'Laser' stand for? | show 🗑
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| What is the CO2 laser predominantly used for? | show 🗑
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| show | Chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine. NEVER alcohol.
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| show | 4-way distal tip deflection w/180 degree of upward deflection, Water flushing, air insufflation, suctioning, locking controls, accessory channel, forward viewing optics.
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| show | Check light source is working, confirm adequate amount of distilled water is available for flushing. Submerge distal end to check the air/water valve for insufflation. Lastly, submerge distal end to test for suctioning.
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| Which conditions can be definitively diagnosed via Gastroscopy? | show 🗑
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| Which conditions can be definitively diagnosed via Duodenoscopy? | show 🗑
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| show | False.
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| show | Clockwise.
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| Why should animals be spayed before their first ovarian cycle? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common complication that occurs after OHE? | show 🗑
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| What are some advantages of laser surgery vs traditional? | show 🗑
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| Why should narcotics be avoided when performing gastroduodenoscopies? | show 🗑
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| show | Palpation, tibial compression test, cranial drawer test
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| How far into the needle's curve should the needle holder be placed? | show 🗑
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| Where are absorbable sutures generally cut? | show 🗑
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| Where are non-absorbable sutures generally cut? | show 🗑
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| When should a fenestration drape be cut? | show 🗑
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| What are the 4 ways heat is lost in a patient? | show 🗑
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| show | 5% decrease
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| show | Heat loss exceeds heat production
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| show | Not at all, or for only 1-2 hours prior to avoid hypoglycemia
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| What is the preferred therapeutic correction for hypoglycemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Collection of tissue fluid in a pocket under the skin formed in areas of excessive movement.
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| show | Directly after the injury occurs
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| show | Clean = Surgical | Clean-Contaminated = Surgical contaminated with GI, Resp, or Urinary contents | Contaminated = Heavy contamination w/grass, asphalt, comprimised tissue | Infected = inflamed, purulent, necrotic tissue
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| show | To reduce the number of microorganisms in the wound to a level the immune system can handle.
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| Leaving a wound open for approx. 5-7 days before suturing it closed is known as: | show 🗑
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| show | Delayed Primary Closure
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| show | Second-Intention healing
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| show | Primary (contact) | Secondary (padded) | Tertiary (outer)
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| show | Every 72 hrs and in a different vein.
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| show | 5-7 days providing there is no indication of phlebitis and the line is patent.
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| What does swelling proximal to a catheter indicate? | show 🗑
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| An animal must be able to consume at least ___% of its resting energy requirements to be able to feed orally. | show 🗑
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| show | Exercises that support a joint while moving it to the extent of its limitations.
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| What does the term: "Terminal Cleaning" mean? | show 🗑
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| What is the main limitation of gas plasma sterilization? | show 🗑
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| show | Antiseptics are intended for use on living tissues; disinfectants on inanimate objects.
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| For a patient that underwent anesthesia, what should be included in the client instructions once the patient is discharged? | show 🗑
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| What does "running a suture" mean? | show 🗑
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| show | 3 - Linea Alba (strength), Subcutaneous (reduce dead space), Skin
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| What type of incision is indicated for a Laparotomy? | show 🗑
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| Why are stay sutures placed during gastrotomy procedures? | show 🗑
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| show | Allis tissue forceps
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| How many layers are involved when closing an incision into the stomach? | show 🗑
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| Where is the incision made during an enterotomy to remove a foreign object? | show 🗑
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| What type of draping is used for an aural hematoma? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of a Jaeger Lid plate? | show 🗑
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| How should a ring-handled instrument be handled? | show 🗑
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| What are the positioning and clipping guidelines for an ovariohysterectomy | show 🗑
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| Describe the target pattern scrub technique: | show 🗑
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| How is the patient positioned for surgery of the right femur? | show 🗑
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| show | Opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, local anesthetic agents, and α2-adrenergic agonists
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| show | Consists of iodine & a carrier w/fungal, viral, & bacterial activity. Neutralized quickly by organic matter. Immediate antimicrobial effect persistent for 4–6 hours. Odorous, staining, & causes tissue irritation.
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| show | Closed gloving= no bare skin is exposed b/c the gloves are grasped through the folded cuff of the sleeve or another glove.
Open gloving used when only the hands need to be sterile/no gown needed.
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| show | They are used to hold bone fragments in alignment. They are a form of internal fixation.
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| show | Inflammation, debridement, repair (fibroblastic), maturation
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| If using an ultrasonic cleaner, what type of solution should be used and why? | show 🗑
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| show | Different types of Suction tips
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| show | clamping small vessels
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| show | clamping medium-sized vessels or small tissue masses
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| show | clamping any vessel of any size and any tissue that will not need to be viable in the body (uterine stump).
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| Describe Rochester-Carmalt Hemostatic Forceps: | show 🗑
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| show | Hook shaped often used for declawing
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| show | Backhaus are the most common and have penetrating tips.
Roeder have balls on the tips preventing the clamp from going to deeply into tissue.
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| show | Non-penetrating and used to secure second-later drapes to ground drapes.
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| show | Harvesting bone graft material or shaping and scraping bony surfaces.
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| show | When a sealed suture line is needed (intestine, hollow organ). It has a sharp point that pierces/penetrates without leaving small cuts behind b/c the cross section is rounded.
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| show | The ability of the suture to allow wicking of microbes to the interior of the suture strand. More common with un-coated, multi-filament than monofilament.
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| show | Bleach. Used for both cleaning and disinfecting. Corrodes metals, deteriorates fabrics. Irritating, deactivated by fecal matter.
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| show | Lysol/Pine-sol. Works in presence of organic material, some skin irritation. Can cause toxicity in cats, not commonly used in veterinary setting.
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| Give an example of a quarternary amine-based disinfectant and some of its properties: | show 🗑
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| show | From the tip of the prepuce to just above the scrotum and then extending laterally in each direction.
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| show | Closed = tunics are not incised and the entire spermatic cord encased in its parietal vaginal tunic is ligated and transected.
Open = tunics are incised and contents of the cord are ligated and transected separately.
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| show | Strict confinement for 6-8 weeks.
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| During a declaw procedure, why shouldn't you place a tourniquet proximal to the elbow? | show 🗑
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