Endocrine Focus: Thyroid and Parathyroid
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| show | Set of disorders characterized by abnormally increased synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones.
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| show | thionamides & iodides
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| Most common types of hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
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| s/s hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
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| complications of hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
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| dx of hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
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| pt teaching:hyperthyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | characterized by physical and mental retardation (cretinism) and myxedema
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| risk factors for hypothyroidism | show 🗑
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| goitrogenic foods and drugs | show 🗑
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| show | weight gain, lethargy, forgetfulness, irritability, HA, constipation, menstural disorders, numbness and tingling in arms and legs, and intolerance to cold, bradycardia, and dyspnea, thick skin, coarse hair, nonpitting generalized edema, myxedema,
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| show | Free T4 is low. TRH stimulation test may be ordered
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| show | enlargment of the thyroid gland due to simple goiter, thyroid nodules, or thyroiditis
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| show | thyroid enlargement c norm thyroid hormone production
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| show | test which reveals spasm of the facial muscle when the face is tapped over the facial nerve
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| show | a carpopedal spasm that occurs when a blood pressure cuff is inflated above the patients' SBP and left in place for 2-3 minutes
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| hyperparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | weakness, lethargy, depression, anorexia, and constipation, mental and personality changes, cardiac dysrhythmias, weight loss, and urinary calculi
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| show | Chronic renal failure (CRF), urinary calculi, fx, brittle bones
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| show | elevated serum calcium, decreased serum phosphate, elevated PTH, and elevated 24-hour urine calcium.
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| show | calcitonin(Calcimar), gallium nitrate(Ganite), biphosphonates (etidronate, pamidronate) and plicamycin (Mithracin) inhibit release of calcium from bones. furosemide (Lasix) is given to promote relase of calcium from urine
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| pt teaching: hyperparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| complications; hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| s/s: hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | low serum Ca+, elevated serum phosphate, low urine calcium, low serum magnesium, Chvostek's sign, and Trousseau's sign
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| tx; hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | secreted by the parathyroid gland and maintains serum calcium levels
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| show | secreted by the thyroid gland and maintains serum calcium levels
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| thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin | show 🗑
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| nursing care p thyroidectomy | show 🗑
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| show | activity intolerance, imbalanced nutrition: > body requirements, hypothermia, constipation, risk for impaired skin integrity, decreased CO, disturbed thought process, disturbed body image, self-care deficits
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| show | activity intolerance, risk for injury, impaired urine elimination, constipation, disturbed thought process, and imbalanced nutrition
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| thyroid storm/ thyroid crisis | show 🗑
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| s/s; thyroid storm/thyroid crisis | show 🗑
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| show | disiccated thyroid (thyroid USP), levothyroxine (Synthroid), liothyronine (Cytomel), liotrix (Euthroid)
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| thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test | show 🗑
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| show | p radioactive iodine is taken PO, the amount of 131I taken up by thyroid is measured c a special instrument
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| 131I, 123I, 99mTc | show 🗑
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| show | detects abnormal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood
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| elevated T3 | show 🗑
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| elevated T4 | show 🗑
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| show | hypothyroidism
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| thyroid scan | show 🗑
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| thyroid gland | show 🗑
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| show | small glands usually located on the back of the thyroid. Occasionally some are located in the mediastinum: secretes only one hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a critical role in regulating serum calcium levels
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| show | surgery in which some or in extreme cases, all parathyroids are removed. best for the pt if most were left to prevent hypoparathyroidism. If pt is not a good candidate for surgery, medical tx is aimed @ lowering the serum calcium level.
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| parathyroidectomy:postoperative care | show 🗑
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| thyroidectomy | show 🗑
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| show | assess pt's knowledge and what to expect. tell pt to expect dressing on the front of the neck and demonstrate how to avoid straining the neck incision by supporting head when rising. Ask pt to repeat information given and to demo deep breathing, etc.
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| thyriodectomy:postoperative care | show 🗑
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| show | airway obstruction, recurrent laryngeal nerve damage, hemorrhage, tetany, and thyroid crisis/storm
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| show | if all of thyroid is removed, lifelong therapy is needed, scars usually heal so that they are barely noticeable, take drugs exactly as prescribed, nervousness and palpitations may be adverse effects of thyroid replacement drugs. notify MD if they occur
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Created by:
blumchen
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