M (ASCP) EXAM
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| show | Staphylococcus aureus epidemiology
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| show | The Gram stain
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| Is a basic fluorochrome dye that binds nonspecifically to nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and glycosaminoglycans. AO is useful in demonstrating bacteria in specimens where concentrations may be low. | show 🗑
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| Catalase, Coagulase, Dnase, PYR, Nonmotile, Salt tolerance all + | show 🗑
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| Penicillin and cephalosporin (1st generation) | show 🗑
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| show | Staphylococcus epidermidis
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| Does not ferment mannitol, produces alkaline phosphatase, produces positive reactions for acetoin (Voges Proskauer), reduces nitrates to nitrites, and hydrolyzes urea. Acid is produced from maltose, fructose, sucrose, and mannose. | show 🗑
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| show | Drug of choice for Staphylococcus epidermidis
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| show | Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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| Has its natural habitat as part of the normal nasal and skin flora of various domestic animals, including dogs, cats, and horses. It is the most common coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species recovered from the skin of dogs. | show 🗑
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| show | S. saprophyticus
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| show | Streptococcus pyogenes
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| show | Poststreptococcal
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| Small transparent colonies/wide zone of beta hemolysis. ID-Low conc of bacitracin (0.04 μg)/PYR +. | show 🗑
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| Group B-specific antigen. Metabolism is fermentative with lactic acid produced as the chief end product. Narrow zone of beta hemolysis. + cAMP reaction/ hydrolyzes NA hippurate | show 🗑
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| show | Streptococcus agalactiae
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| Penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin | show 🗑
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| Penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalosporin 1st gen, erythromycin | show 🗑
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| show | Group D streptococci
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| show | Strep pnuemo
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| Alpha hemolytic and smooth, moist, or mucoid/"checker piece" appearance/ susceptibile to either bile or ethylhydrocupreine hydrochloride (Optochin) | show 🗑
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| show | Strep pnuemo
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| show | C. jejuni
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| 1."campy" agar to inhibit the overgrowth of the normal intestinal flora. 2.42°C, the optimum temperature for growth of this organism. 3.incubation atmosphere, consisting of 5% oxygen, 10% CO2, and 85% nitrogen. | show 🗑
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| Is infrequently recovered from human sources but is an important cause of infective abortion in cattle and sheep. It can be recovered from the placentas and stomach contents of the fetuses of aborted sheep and cattle. | show 🗑
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| Human infections that have been reported virtually always affect an individual who is debilitated, has compromised immune function, has a neoplastic disease, or has a chronic underlying disorder such as renal or hepatic failure. | show 🗑
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| Does not hydrolyze indoxyl acetate or sodium hippurate. It is susceptible to cephalothin but resistant to nalidixic acid, profiles opposite to that of C. jejuni. Will not grow on campy selective media containing cephalothin. Does not grow at 42°C | show 🗑
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| show | Drug of choice for C. fetus and C. jejuni
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| Is one of several spiral-shaped bacteria that have been observed in gastric secretions. Can be recovered from the GI tract of humans and a variety of domestic and wild animals, including several species of birds. | show 🗑
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| Diagnosis: visualize the thin, curved bacterial cells in histologic sections of gastric biopsy material or by demonstrating the rapid conversion of urea agar after implantation with a small portion of the biopsy. | show 🗑
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| show | Helicobacter pylori
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| show | Helicobacter pylori
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| Can be suspected when GNDC or D-CB are observed in Gram stains. MacConkey growth (pinkish tinge). Lack of motility, absence of cytochrome oxidase activity, inability to reduce nitrates to nitrites, and resistance to penicillin. | show 🗑
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| Nosocomial infections most commonly involve the respiratory tract, the urinary tract, the genital tract, peritonitis in patients receiving continuous peritoneal dialysis, and postsurgical wounds. | show 🗑
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| Carbenicillin, Cephalosporin 2nd or 3rd, Gentamicin, Tetracycline, SXT | show 🗑
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| show | Alcaligenes faecalis
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| Exist in soil and water/ Blood, sputum, and urine are the most common sources and are often associated with nosocomial infections, nebulizers, respirators, and lavage fluids. | show 🗑
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| Exist in soil and water/ Blood, sputum, and urine are the most common sources and are often associated with nosocomial infections, nebulizers, respirators, and lavage fluids. | show 🗑
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| show | Drug of choice for Alcaligenes faecalis
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| show | Bordetella pertussis
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| show | Bordetella pertussis
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| Each neutralize the effects of the fatty acids, metalic ions, and peroxidases also contained in the media. Growth require 2 - 4 days/ 35o C. 1-2 mm in diameter, entire, dome-shaped, gray and shiny, resembling drops of mercury. GNCB/ pleomorphic in older c | show 🗑
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| show | Bordetella pertussis
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| cephalosporin 3rd generation, ciprofloxacin, erythromicin | show 🗑
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| is the most common cause of human infections and is the most virulent. It is found in the Mediterranean region, Latin America, and Asia. | show 🗑
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| show | B. abortus (cattle)
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| is endemic in the southern United States, Southeast Asia, and Latin America, and its virulence is moderate. | show 🗑
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| show | Brucella
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| show | Drug of choice Brucella melitensis
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| Produces yellow-green colonies/ fruity odor,Mac agar, is oxidase +, and asaccharolytic, hydrolysis of DNA, gelatin, and urea, and (-) reactions for indole, nitrate reduction, and hydrolysis of esculin and ONPG/ resistant to polymyxin B. | show 🗑
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| Isolates have been reported from wounds, sputum, blood, and commonly from urine. necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia | show 🗑
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| Is the species causing human infections, including 2 biovars, ss tularensis (North America), and ss palaearctica (Europe). Reservoirs of this bacterium include rabbits, rodents, squirrels, beavers, deer, and domestic animals | show 🗑
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| Transmission between animals is via ticks and biting flies. Humans acquire infection via the bites of infected ticks or deerflies or by direct contact with the tissues of infected animals, as can occur during the skinning and evisceration of game animals. | show 🗑
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| show | Legionella species
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| Hydrolysis of NA hippurate is useful in separating __________ (+) from other Legionella species (-). Phenotypic characterization less than satisfactory. ID: serologically using immunofluorescent ab testing. | show 🗑
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| show | L. pneumophila
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| show | Moraxella catarrhalis
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| show | MTM
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| Gram-negative diplococci with flattened opposing margins. In direct smears, the cells are seen intracellularly in segmented neutrophils. The identification can be confirmed if acid is produced from glucose, but not from maltose, sucrose, or lactose. | show 🗑
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| Glucose (+) Maltose (+)(Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | N. lactamica
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| show | Oligella urethralis
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| The reduction of nitrite (but not nitrate) and + phenylalanine deaminase activity are two characteristics that, when taken together, separate __________ from Moraxella species. | show 🗑
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| show | O. ureolytica
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| show | O. ureolytica
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| The reduction of nitrates n nitrites (most strains) n + phenylalanine deaminase activity separates from CDC group IVc-2. Most human isolates have been from the urine, specifically in patients with long-term in-dwellin catheters | show 🗑
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| show | B. cepacia
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| show | B. cepacia
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| show | B. cepacia
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| show | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| show | Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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| show | Citrobacter freundii
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| show | C. koseri
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| show | Edwardsiella tarda
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| GNe sepsis and endotoxin-induced shock are serious complications. Urinary tract and wound infections, pneumonia in debilitated and immunocompromised patients, and neonatal meningitis are common infections. | show 🗑
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| "dirty" gray on bap/produce a + spot indole test and dry pink-red colonies on Mac. The id confirmed by demonstrtin an acid slant/acid butt rxn on Kligler iron agar (fermenter), a + methyl red rxn, - Voges Proskauer, and - citrate utilizatn test results. | show 🗑
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| show | Enterotoxigenic strains
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| show | Enteropathogenic strains
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| show | Enteroinvasive strains
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| chiefly serogroup 0157:H7, produce a toxin that has a cytotoxic effect on Vero cells (called a verotoxin), producin in vivo effects similar to that produced by Shiga toxin. | show 🗑
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| Hemorrhagic colitis results, manifest as abdominal cramps n watery diarrhea, followed by hemorrhagic discharge simulating a lower intestinal bleed. | show 🗑
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| is the cause of a necrotizing lobar type pneumonia in which there is considerable hemorrhagic necrosis, leading to expectoratn of a "brick red" sputum that, when mixed with mucin, has a "currant jelly" appearance. | show 🗑
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| Infectns r most severe in persons with underlying diseases such as alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, n chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pleuritis, Urinary tract infections, meningitis(in infants), n septicemia | show 🗑
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| show | K. pneumoniae
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| Two key characteristics separating species from certain closely related Enterobacter species are the lack of motility and the inability to decarboxylate ornithine. | show 🗑
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| An indole-positive variant of K. pneumoniae, is found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals but also may be recovered from vegetative matter and aquatic environments | show 🗑
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| Morganella morganii can be found in the feces of humans, dogs, other mammals, and reptiles. It serves as a secondary pathogen in cases of urinary tract, respiratory tract, and wound infections. | show 🗑
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| The combination characteristics of citrate negative, failure to produce hydrogen sulfide, and decarboxylation of ornithine | show 🗑
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| recovered from soil, water, and any environment polluted with fecal material. part of the commensal flora of the LI of man and other animals. Most freq agent of uti and wound infectns, intestinal trauma and post colon surgery. | show 🗑
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| show | Proteus mirabilis
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| show | P. vulgaris
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| primarily recovered from the feces of humans, both with and without a diarrheal syndrome, with secondary spread to the urinary tract, wounds, and burns, where they cause infrequent infections. | show 🗑
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| Needs >100,000 for infection, H2S +, Lysine +, Indole -, Urea - | show 🗑
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| May cause septicemia | show 🗑
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| show | S. typhi
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| show | S. arizona
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| show | Serratia marcescens
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| show | Shigella sonnei
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| Group A most severe | show 🗑
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| show | S. flexneri
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| show | S. boydii
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| The spread of black/ bubonic plague is via rodents to fleas, fleas to rodents. | show 🗑
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| show | Y. pseudotuberculosis
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| show | Y. enterocolitica
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| Motile by polar flagella, most are indole +, growth on mac, cellulitis, wound infections and diarrhea | show 🗑
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| show | Bacteria
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| 5.0-6.0 pH | show 🗑
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| Enzyme synthesis and cell elongation | show 🗑
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| show | Log Phase
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| show | Stationary phase
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| Dead cells exced new cells | show 🗑
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| show | Corynebacterium
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| Tumbling motility at 25C, but not 37C; cold enrichment, neonatal menigitis and sepsis, sepsis in immunocomp hosts | show 🗑
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| show | Erysipelothrix
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| Ground glass hemolytic colonies; non hemolytic, nonmotile, medusa head colonies, long bamboo shoots | show 🗑
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| show | B. cereus
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| show | Streptobacillus moniliformis
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| Peridontal and jaw abscesses; high number in plague, center of colony has 4-6 pointed star | show 🗑
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| show | eikenella
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| show | capnocytophaga
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| similar to actinobacillus, endocarditis | show 🗑
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| show | cardiobacterium
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| clue cells; 10% koh added to discharge= fishy odor | show 🗑
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| require x and v factors | show 🗑
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| schoolof fish, genital ulcers | show 🗑
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| growth on BCYE, legionaires disease | show 🗑
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| inverted fried egg, dienes stain not gram stain | show 🗑
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| causes primary atypical pneumonia, cold agglutinin titer | show 🗑
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| show | bacteroides fragilis
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| show | bacteroides ureolyticus
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| gn ana, thin, fusiform rod, speckled col | show 🗑
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| show | fusobacterium necrophorum
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| gn ana, highly pleomorphic | show 🗑
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| gp ana, pseudomembranous colitis, CCFA agar, horse stable odor, spore former | show 🗑
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| gp ana, double zone of hemolysis, lecthinase +, gas gangrene, spores seldom observed | show 🗑
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| gp ana,terminal spores, racquet shaped, tetanus | show 🗑
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| gp ana, molar tooth, branching, lumpy jaw, sulphur granules | show 🗑
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| gp ana, sensitive to sps | show 🗑
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| show | r. akari
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| show | coxiella burnetti
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| show | r. prowazekii
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| rocky mt. spoted fever, tick | show 🗑
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| murine typhus, rat flea | show 🗑
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| show | mycobacterium tuberculosis
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| environmental org, cause pulmonary disease, disseminated disease, infect immunocomp patients, nonpigmented on LJ, id by nucleic acid probes | show 🗑
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| causes leprosy (hansen disease), infects skin, mucous membranes, nerves, causes a progressive disease that is treatable, grows best in armadillo footpads | show 🗑
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| Prescence of viral ab of ag | show 🗑
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| show | DNA probes
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| Method in which nucleic acid seq can be amplified in vitro/ carried out in cycles, each doubling the amount of desired nucleic acid product | show 🗑
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| show | flavivirus
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| show | hantavirus
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| assoc w/ shellfish; one of most stable viruses infectings humans | show 🗑
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| formerly non-a, non b hepatitis | show 🗑
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| measles, more serious in adults than in children | show 🗑
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| poliomyelitis, aseptic meningitis, occurs naturally only in humans | show 🗑
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| seriuos respiratory infection in young children, giant multinucleated cells due to fusion of infected cells | show 🗑
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| rabies, negri bodies in brain tissue of infected animals, rod or bullet shaped, wildlife- reservoir | show 🗑
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| common cold | show 🗑
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| acute infectious infantile diarrhea, can cause death in infants | show 🗑
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| rubella, vaccine available, contraindicated in pregnancy, spread by respiratory secretiions, seriuos congenital abnormalties | show 🗑
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| respiratory infections | show 🗑
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| infection mononucleosis, chronic failure syndrome, assc w. burkett's lymphoma,heterophile ab | show 🗑
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| ribbon-like aseptate hyphae; sexual and asexual | show 🗑
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| show | ascomycota
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| septate; sexual, mushrooms,club fungi | show 🗑
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| show | deuteromycota
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| show | mycosel
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| show | bird seed agar
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| show | corn meal agar
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| show | microsporum
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| show | microsporum audouinii
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| thick walled macroconidia; knobby end | show 🗑
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| show | microsporum gypseum
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| show | trichophyton
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| urease +. rose-brown reverse | show 🗑
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| show | trichophyton rubrum
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| black dot ringworm, balloon forms, yellow red reverse | show 🗑
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| feet, hands, and groin; macroconidia (large, smooth, club-shaped, found in singles or clusters at end of hyphae, 2-4 septa), olive green or khaki color | show 🗑
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| bat and bird droppings; oh and ms river valley; infects RES (Bone marrow), yeast(very small), mycelial (tuberculate n macroconidia) | show 🗑
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| show | blastomyces dermatitidis
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| show | coccidioides immitis
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| south american blastomycosis, simulates tb, cutaneous lesions, yeast (multiple buds "mariner wheel"), mold (similar to lollipop forms) | show 🗑
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| show | sporothrix schenckii
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| show | candida albicans
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| germ tube -, forms structure between tube and spore | show 🗑
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| hockey stick bud on one corner of arthroconidia | show 🗑
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| budding from both corners of arthroconidia urease + | show 🗑
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| assimilates only glucose and trehalose, no pseudohyphae | show 🗑
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| urease +, brown colonies on birdseed agar, india ink | show 🗑
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| small extracellular yeast | show 🗑
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| show | histoplasma capsulatum
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| yeast with pseudoyphae | show 🗑
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| show | blastomyces dermatiditis
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| show | paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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| endospherules and endospores | show 🗑
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| show | penicillium
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| delicate hyphae, elippticak conidia with appearance of brain surface | show 🗑
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| colonies lavendar to purple; banana shaped macroconidia | show 🗑
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| show | aspergillus
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| green conidia | show 🗑
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| yellow conidia | show 🗑
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| show | aspergillus niger
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| show | ancylostoma caninum
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| show | ancylostoma duodenale
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| show | ascaris lumbricoides
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| show | clonorchis sinensis
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| broad fish tapeworm | show 🗑
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| show | echinococcus granulosus
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| show | enterobius vermicularis
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| show | fasciolopsis buski
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| show | fasciola hepatica
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| show | hymenolepis diminuta
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| show | hymenolepsis nana
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| show | loa loa
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| show | necator americanus
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| blinding worm | show 🗑
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| oriental lung fluke | show 🗑
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| show | schistosoma haematobium
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| oriental blood fluke | show 🗑
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| manson's blood fluke | show 🗑
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| threadworm | show 🗑
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| beef tapeworm | show 🗑
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| pork tapeworm | show 🗑
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| show | toxocara canis/cati
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| show | trichuris trichiura
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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