lots of cardiac, rhythms, how to read ekgs
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| show | Cardiac Output= SV X HR
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| show | Smoking, Obesity, Stress, Sedintary, Diabetes, Male, Age
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| show | angina, dyspnea, fatigue, palpitations, sudden weight gain, pain, cramps, syncope
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| show | Fainting
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| Nurse assessment for CVD | show 🗑
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| How many directions does blood flow? | show 🗑
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| What % of blood is dumped when a valve is opened? | show 🗑
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| What is the 2 most important parts of the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | 20/10
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| What does the "lubb-dupp" sound indicate? | show 🗑
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| S/S of pulmonary edema? | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary edema = ____ Pressure, ___ Volume | show 🗑
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| Rx to decrease pressure/volume | show 🗑
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| Define: Vascular disease | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen and blood
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| What are the 2 arteries that branch off the aortic valve? | show 🗑
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| show | improves circulation by finding new pathways around a heart blockage by forming new branches of arteries
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| What occurs is the left main artery, "widow artery" is blocked? | show 🗑
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| show | muscles of the body the posterior heart
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| show | Potassium, (K+)
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| What mineral is outside a cell? | show 🗑
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| show | Na+ leaks into the cell, the cell and K+ tries to pump it back out and becomes depolarized
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| How does a cell repolarize? | show 🗑
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| show | 60-100; "pacemaker" of the heart; sends stimulus most rapidly
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| What is the AV node rate? | show 🗑
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| show | electrical; mechanical
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| If ______ precedes _____ the rhythm becomes V-Fib | show 🗑
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| Define: Cardiac Output | show 🗑
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| Normal Cardiac Output Amount | show 🗑
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| Formula for Cardiac Output per Body Weight | show 🗑
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| show | amount of volume pumped each minute
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| show | 50-60mL
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| As you bleed, SV will ____ which causes HR to __ | show 🗑
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| show | clammy, cold, poor cap. refill, pale, decreased BP/LOC/Urine Output
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| What medication helps to lower preload? | show 🗑
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| Explain Preload | show 🗑
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| Explain Afterload | show 🗑
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| What medications help to lower afterload? | show 🗑
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| show | pressure?, pain?, radiating?, sharp?, SOB?, does it occur during activity/eating/night?
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| What is the number one sign of heart disease? | show 🗑
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| show | fluttering, dysrhythmias
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| What does sudden weight gain indicate? | show 🗑
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| What does extreme chest pain indicate? | show 🗑
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| When does a pt always have JVD? | show 🗑
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| show | Internal Jugular
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| What does JVD indicate? | show 🗑
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| Define: PMI | show 🗑
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| show | 5th intercoastal, Left midclavicular
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| show | if the heart is enlarged, the PMI will shift
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| show | at the apex
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| Where is S2 loudest? | show 🗑
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| When S3 is heard, it indicates? | show 🗑
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| show | possibly a stiff ventricle
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| show | after s1 and s2; lub dupp dupp
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| show | before s1; lub lub dupp
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| What is a murmur? | show 🗑
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| show | helps see the chambers of the heart
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| What is the TEE and how does it work? | show 🗑
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| What is can be both chemical and mechanical? | show 🗑
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| Explain Myocardial Perfusion | show 🗑
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| Explain Coronary Angiography | show 🗑
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| show | diagnostic
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| Nursing Actions for a coronary angiography | show 🗑
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| What is hemodynamic monitoring? | show 🗑
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| show | balloon tipped catheter
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| How does hemodynamic monitoring work? | show 🗑
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| What is the swan-ganz or pulmonary artery catheter? | show 🗑
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| What does the swan-ganz cath do? | show 🗑
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| What does PCWP stand for? | show 🗑
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| What diagnosis' would need a swan-ganz cath? | show 🗑
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| show | 8-12 mm/Hg
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| show | heart is working too hard to pump blood due to too much fluid or vasoconstriction
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| How long does a swan-ganz cath stay in? | show 🗑
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| For both right and left side of heart, what are normal wedge pressures? | show 🗑
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| show | left ventricular failure, valvular disease, tamponade, fluid overload
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| show | hypovolemia or vasodilation
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| show | SOB, chest discomfort, palpitations
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| A pt. returns post coronary angiography to the floor. What is the priority intervention following this procedure? | show 🗑
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| What client is at greatest risk for developing CVD? | show 🗑
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| List the electrical pathway of the heart. | show 🗑
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| show | a camera that looks at the heart from different angles and takes pics of its electrical activity
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| What does a flat line on an EKG indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | P-wave
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| show | atrial depolarization
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| show | where Na+ rushes into the cell and changes gradients to make the K+/Na+ pump push Na+ back out (Electrical)
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| What is directly after the P-wave and what does it indicate? | show 🗑
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| What is the 2nd wave of an ekg? | show 🗑
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| What does the QRS wave indicate? | show 🗑
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| show | q is negative; r is positive; t is negative
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| show | t-wave
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| show | ventricular repolarization
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| show | recovering and getting ready for a new contraction
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| show | ventricular repolarization is most vulnerable period where rhythm can be changed
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| show | T-waves
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| show | the heart is bigger
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| show | looking at a 6 sec. strip, count # of QRS waves and multiply by ten
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| What do calipers help do? | show 🗑
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| show | HR:60-100; Regular Rhythm; p-wave is before QRS
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| What is a 12 lead EKG used for? | show 🗑
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| show | location of atria/ventricle, brady/tachy, premature waves
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| Between atrial and ventricular which arrhythmia is more lethal? | show 🗑
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| What can cause a PAC arrythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs right before P-wave and is a dip under the baseline
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| show | less than 60bpm, regular, looks like normal sinus just slower
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| show | VS, may be normal if athletic; check for shock
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| Explain Sinus Tachycardia | show 🗑
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| show | anxiety, exercise
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| show | age, athletic
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| show | VS, treat underlying condition
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| Are PAC benign or fatal? | show 🗑
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| show | give Coumadin
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| show | HR: 220-430bpm, regular or irregular, sawtoothed, alot of P-waves
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| show | the impulse circulatees in the atria and instead of contracting the heart flutters
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| show | decreased Cardiac Output, decreased BP/Perfusion,
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| Pts w/ Atrial Flutter are at increased risk for? | show 🗑
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| What is most common arrhythmia? | show 🗑
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| show | HR:350-650bpm, irregular,no p-waves
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| show | give coumadin or put in pacemaker if ventricles aren't getting enough blood, cardioversion, radiofrequency ablation
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| show | pulse and apical pulse will be irregular
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| show | a stroke
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| What causes A-Fib? | show 🗑
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| show | Supraventricular Tachycardia
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| AKA SVT? | show 🗑
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| S/S of SVT? | show 🗑
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| Rx of SVT? | show 🗑
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| show | stops heart for a long pause and then restarts heart into normal sinus node
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| How to give adenosine? | show 🗑
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| How to treat SVT at home w/o meds? | show 🗑
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| show | planned, with anesthesia, with electricity, give Versed/Valium, put on 50jewels and deliver shock but not on t-wave
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| show | b/c it will cause ventricular tachycardia
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| Explain Radiofrequency ablation | show 🗑
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| show | 360jewels of shock, shock pads
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| Explain PVC | show 🗑
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| show | increased risk for v-tachy
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| show | Lidocaine
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| S/S of V-Tach for patient | show 🗑
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| show | if stable can give Amiodarone if unstable use defibrillator
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| show | +100bpm, regular, wide QRS,
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| S/S V-Fib | show 🗑
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| show | Amiodarone/defibrillator/implantable cardioverter/radiofrequency ablation
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| show | little or no electricity, no contraction,
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| RX of Ventricular Asystole | show 🗑
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| show | DEATH
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| show | aka AIEC, monitors heart and shocks when needed
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| Explain radiofrequency ablation | show 🗑
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| Pt with CVA, monitors shows dysrhythmia and irregular rhythm with rate of 120-160bpm w/o P waves. Identify rhythm as? | show 🗑
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| Treatment for v-tach to v-fib | show 🗑
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| show | turn on sync button
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| show | amplitude or size
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| On EKG what is horizontal axis? | show 🗑
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| Adenosine is given for? | show 🗑
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| show | flushed, dizzy, headache, dyspnea
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| show | chemical cardioverter
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| Amiodarone classification | show 🗑
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| Amiodoarone is given for? | show 🗑
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| show | IV or PO
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| SE of Amiodarone | show 🗑
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| Explain process of beta blockers | show 🗑
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| show | lower BP, stops angina, prevents rhythm issues
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| show | VERY fatigued, dizzy, hypotension, bradycardia
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| show | OLOL
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| Diogoxin Classification | show 🗑
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| Define Inotropic | show 🗑
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| Nursing Implications of Digoxin | show 🗑
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| TL of Digoxin | show 🗑
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| Diltiazem classification | show 🗑
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| show | Ca+ helps to contract muscles
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| Give Diltiazem for? | show 🗑
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| Digoxin is given for? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypotension with systolic BP less than 90
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| show | hypotension, bradycardia
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| How to give Digoxin? | show 🗑
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| What does Diltiazem do to the heart? | show 🗑
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| Epinephrine is given for? | show 🗑
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| How many times can Epinephrine be given? | show 🗑
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| SE of epinephrine | show 🗑
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| show | antiarrhythmic, numbing agent
🗑
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| Lidocaine is given for? | show 🗑
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| show | numbs heart to where abnormalities don't fire
🗑
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| How to give Lidocaine? | show 🗑
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| SE of Lidocaine? | show 🗑
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| show | volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole
🗑
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| show | left ventricle must overcome resistance to circulate blood
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| show | during hypervolemia, regurgitation of cardiac valves
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| When is afterload increased? | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac workload
🗑
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| show | ischemia, injury, infarction
🗑
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| show | o2 deprived, irreversible, causes Q waves
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| Describe MI injury | show 🗑
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| show | causes depressed s-t segment, is helpful if pt has collateral circulation
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| What are the 2 types of angina? | show 🗑
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| show | Coronary Artery Disease
🗑
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| show | high fat diets, aging, history, stress, obesity
🗑
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| show | stable
🗑
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| S/S of stable angina? | show 🗑
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| Rx of stable angina? | show 🗑
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| how is stable angina relieved? | show 🗑
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| show | chest pain with rest or minimal exertion
🗑
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| show | after meals or during sleep
🗑
|
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| If unstable angina, at risk for? | show 🗑
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| Precautions for Nitro pill | show 🗑
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| How to take nitro? | show 🗑
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| The quicker perfusion is increased, the quicker ____ is turned back to _____ | show 🗑
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| show | ischemic
🗑
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| EKG + Ischemia = | show 🗑
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| show | very tall q wave
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| What happens to the heart with infarcted tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | collateral circulation, workload of myocardium
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| show | -"statin", ex. Lovostatin
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| What to monitor in meds that lower cholesterol? | show 🗑
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| show | decrease;decrease;decrease
🗑
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| show | decreased pain, pre/after load and BP; vasodilatees
🗑
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| WNL range of morphine? | show 🗑
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| show | after giving all Nitro and aspirin
🗑
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| show | anterior MI
🗑
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| If pt. has LAD obstruction whattype of MI? | show 🗑
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| If pt. has Circumflex obstruction what type of MI? | show 🗑
|
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| show | inferior MI
🗑
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| What are lab tests performed for MI? | show 🗑
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| When are enzymes released from cells? | show 🗑
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| show | 0, the more + the worse the MI damage
🗑
|
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| Normal level of Cholesterol | show 🗑
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| In assessing MI pt. what do RN assess for? | show 🗑
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| What heart sounds are heard with MI? | show 🗑
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| show | jaw, chest, arm, back
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| show | cold, clammy skin, decreased distal pulses, decreased perfusion,
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| show | crackles if leading to progression of HF
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| show | vasoconstrictor, usually ends with -"pril", helps prevent conversion of angiotension from 1 to 2
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| show | MI and hypertension but are mild
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| show | non-productive, dry cough
🗑
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| Classification of Ca+ Channel Blockers | show 🗑
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| show | to decrease BP and HR
🗑
|
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| show | MONA
🗑
|
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| What is the order sequence for Pain management of MI? | show 🗑
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| What do fibronolytics do? | show 🗑
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| show | if meet qualifications; absolute = Do not giverelative = risk v benefit
🗑
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| show | Bleeding
🗑
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| show | check stool and urine and iv site for oozing or blood
🗑
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| show | pt. will go into V-tach, treat v-tach; its good b/c shows reestablished perfusion
🗑
|
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| Explain glycoprotein inhibitors | show 🗑
|
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| show | tpa, activase
🗑
|
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| Examples of Glycoprotein inhibitors | show 🗑
|
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| SE of Glycoprotein inhibitors | show 🗑
|
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| Explain Plavix | show 🗑
|
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| Explain Aspirin | show 🗑
|
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| show | decreased afterload, HR, BP, fatigue; long term; end with -"olol"
🗑
|
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| show | BP, HR, VS
🗑
|
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| ACE Inhibitors dont affect __ | show 🗑
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| show | Nitedipine
🗑
|
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| Explain PTCA | show 🗑
|
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| show | lay flat, watch pedal pulse, push fluids, pain m, give aspirin/plavix
🗑
|
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| Define: Cardiac Tamponade | show 🗑
|
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| show | decrease Cardiac output/stroke volume/BP/HR, increased PCWP, muffled heart tones, JVD, crackles
🗑
|
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| Cardiac Tamponade with decreased BP, think ___ ___ | show 🗑
|
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| show | BP decreases 15mmHg when taking big deep breath
🗑
|
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| show | surgery and repair area thats leaking and put in chest tube
🗑
|
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| What is CABG? | show 🗑
|
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| Explain CABG | show 🗑
|
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| During CABG, explain what to do with heart | show 🗑
|
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| Define: Cardioplegia | show 🗑
|
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| show | slowly warm up pt, monitor pressure with Swan Ganz, iv fluids, give warm blankets, watch chest tubes,
🗑
|
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| What will pt. appear like during 1st Post-Op stage? | show 🗑
|
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| Rx of CABG | show 🗑
|
||||
| 2nd Post-Op stage of CABG- Nursing actions | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | alveoli collapses in lungs leading to pneumonia
🗑
|
||||
| show | incentive spirometry, cough, deep breathe
🗑
|
||||
| show | A-fib/PVC
🗑
|
||||
| What labs to watch for with CABG? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Precautinos with CABG | show 🗑
|
||||
| Define: Pericardial Friction Rub | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Usually 6-8wks, pt to cardiac rehab, med/diet, risk factors
🗑
|
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