Nail Disorders & Diseases
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| nail disorder | Condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit.
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| Beau’s lines | Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate; usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body.
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| Blue fingernails | Named for the nail bed color; is usually caused by a lack of circulating oxygen in the red blood cells.
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| Bruised nail beds | Condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot. These discolorations are usually due to small injuries to the nail bed.
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| Discolored nails | Nails turn a variety of colors; may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation.
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| Eggshell nails | Noticeably thin, white nail plates that are more flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge.
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| Hangnail | A condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears.
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| Koilonychia | Soft spoon nails with a concave shape that appear scooped out.
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| Melanonychia | Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge.
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| Leukonychia spots | Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area; not related to the
body’s health or vitamin deficiencies.
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| Onychorrhexis | Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate.
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| Plicatured nail | Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited.
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| Ridges | Vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging.
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| Onychophagy | Also known as bitten nails; result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate.
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| splinter hemorrhage | Hemorrhage caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow.
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| Onychauxis | Thickening of nails.
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| Nail pterygium | Abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate; usually caused by serious injury, such as burns, or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products.
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| Onychogryposis | Also known as ram’s horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and
curvature.
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| pincer nail | Also known as trumpet nail; increased crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix. The edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge.
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| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling are usually seen in the skin fold
adjacent to the nail plate.
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| Onychosis | Any deformity or disease of the natural nails.
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| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail.
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| Onychomycosis | Fungal infection of the natural nail plate.
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| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed.
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| Pyogenic granuloma | Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate.
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| Tinea pedis | Also known as athlete’s foot; medical term for fungal infections of the feet; red, itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes, usually found between the fourth and fifth toe.
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| Onychomadesis | The separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; affects fingernails and toenails.
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| Nail psoriasis | A noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate.
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| Onycholysis | Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area.
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| Onychocryptosis | Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail.
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