Chapter 1 - Period 1
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| The geologically oldest mountains in North America are the | a. Appalachians
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| The Indian peoples of the Americas | c. were under the control of the two large empires of the Incas and Aztecs
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| Which of the following was not among the ancient Indian cultures established in North America prior to 1300AD? | a. The Incas
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| One of the important factors that first stimulated European interest in trade and discovery was | a. the Christian crusaders who brought back a taste for the silks and spices of Asia
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| Among the most important American Indian products or discoveries to spread to the Old World was | d. methods of calculating time such as a lunar calendar and the sundial
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| The primary staples of Indian agriculture believe the European arrival were | e. corn, beans, and squash
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| The number of Indians in North America at the time Columbus was approximately | c. twenty million
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| Before Columbus arrived, the only Europeans known to have visited North America, temporarily, were the | c. Norse
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| Even before the discovery of the Americas, Portugal became the first nation to enter the slave trade and establish large-scale plantations using slave labor is | e. the sugar islands off the coast of Africa
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| Much of the impetus for Spanish explorations and pursuit of glory in the early 1500s came from Spains recent | b. national unification and expulsion of the Muslim Moors
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| A crucial political development that paved the way for the European colonization of America was the | c. rise of the centralized national monarchies such as those of Spain, Portugal, and France
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| The primary reason for the dramatic decline in the Indian population after the encounter with the Europeans was the | e. Indians' lack of resistance to European diseases such as smallpox and malaria
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| Cortes and his men were able to conquer the Aztec capital partly because | b. the Aztec ruler Montezuma believed that Cortes was a god whose return had been predicted
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| The flood of gold and silver from Spain's New World Empire into Europe after 1500 played a large role in the | a. rise of capitalism and modern merchant banking
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| The belief that the Spanish only killed, tortured, and stole in the Americas while contributing nothing good, is called the | e. Black Legend
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| Extended period when glaciers covered most of the North American continent | Great Ice Age
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| Staple crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations | corn
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| Important ancient Indian center in New Mexico that included a pueblo of six hundred interconnected rooms | Chico Canyon
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| First European nation to seed explorers around the west coast of Africa | Portugal
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| Flourishing west african kingdom that had a major Islamic university in the city of Timbuktu | Mali
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| Two smaller kingdoms that were united by Kind Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to create the nation of Spain | Castile and Aragon
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| Animal introduced to North America by Europeans that transferred the Indian way of life on the Great Plains | horse
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| Name one of the major Euro diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492 | smallpox, malaria, and yellow fever
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| Sexually transmitted disease originating in the Americans that was transmitted and spread among Europeans after 1492 | syphilis
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| Treaty of 1492 that aimed to divide all of the Americas between Spain and Portugal | Treaty of Tordesillas
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| Wealthy and populous capital of the Aztec empire | Tenochtitlan
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| Term for a person of mixed Euro and Indian ancestry | mestizo
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| A major pueblo uprising of 1680 caused by Spanish efforts to suppress the Indian religious practices | Pope's Rebellion
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| Spanish term for the night of June 30, 1520, when war began between Aztecs and Spanish, lauding to Spanish conquest of Mexico | noche trista
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| Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California | Franciscans
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