Early and Late Effects of Radiation
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| In the 1920's and 30's, how were RT's checked for radiation exposure? | show 🗑
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| show | Response to radiation occurring within hours or days.
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| What is the worst possible effect of radiation and today's diagnostic worries? | show 🗑
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| Can diagnostic x-rays cause acute effects or death? | show 🗑
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| show | From accidents such as Chernobyl 1986, 3-mile Island 1979 and Atomic bombs during WWII. Also convicts have been used in studies.
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| show | The sequence of events that follow high-level radiation exposure leading to death within days or weeks.
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| show | Hematologic death, gastrointestinal (GI) death and Central nervous system death (CNS).
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| In addition to the 3 lethal syndromes, Four periods are associated with acute radiation lethality? | show 🗑
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| What period has acute clinical symptoms that occur within hours of exposure and contiunue for up to a day or two? N/V/D | show 🗑
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| show | The Latent Period. It is misleading giving no indication of the extensive radiation response yet to come. Latent dose 100-10,000 rad
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| show | 200-1000 rad dose, Prodromal period lasts several days,mild symptoms. Latent-as long as 4 weeks, seem fine, Manifest illness-V/D, malaise,lethargy & fever 2-4 weeks.iF If dose not lethal revovery in 2-4 wks up to 6 months. Mean survival time 10-60 days.
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| GI- dose,days prodromal,latent, manifest illness, mean survival time? | show 🗑
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| What is the principal cause in the GI syndrome death | show 🗑
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| What is the principal cause of hematologic syndrome? | show 🗑
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| show | >5000rad.Min.of exp.severeN/V,nervous &confused,skin burning sensation,may lose vision,conciousness in hrs.Latent-symptoms subside,disappear up to 12 hrs. Manifest illness-sypmtoms of prodromal period appear worse and outcome is always death.MST-0-3 days
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| What is LD 50/60? | show 🗑
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| show | non-linear, threshold.
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| show | Elevated fluid content of the brain.
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| show | MST- Mean survival time.
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| How much of GI lining is replaced daily compared to skin cell replacement daily? | show 🗑
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| True or False - When only part of the body is being irradiated, rather than the whole body a higher dose is required to produce a response. | show 🗑
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| Every organ or tissue of the body can be affected by partial-body irradiation. What is the effect and the results? | show 🗑
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| show | Epidermis has 5 layers.
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| Name the 5 layers in order from outermost to inner. | show 🗑
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| What are the two layers of the innermost skin? | show 🗑
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| show | Hypodermis (loose connective tissue)
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| What is the largest organ in the body? | show 🗑
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| show | Used for protection, excretion of water & waste products. Regulates body temp.
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| What was the first biological response to the skin after radiation exposure? | show 🗑
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| What is the latent period of skin exposure? | show 🗑
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| What is SED/50, and the dose? | show 🗑
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| What is another response of skin radiation besides erythema? | show 🗑
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| show | Soft rays 10-20kVp were used as treatment for ringworm.
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| show | As low as 10 rad.
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| show | Multi-hit aberrations (multi chromosomes hit (worse than a DNA hit)
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| show | IN early radiologists doing fluoro w/o gloves got discolored, callused, weathered hands and forearms.
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| show | Studies of large # of people exposed to a toxic subtance, when the 3 of persons affected is small. These studies are difficult because of unknown dose & frequency.
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| show | The results of low doses given over a long period of time. Like how RT's get it.
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| What are some late effects on skin? | show 🗑
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| show | Non-linear, threshold. Cataracts occur on the posterior pole of the lens.Latent periods ang. 15 years.Non-linear, threshold response.
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| At worst, humans exposed to radiation can expect a reduced life span of what? | show 🗑
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| show | Irradiation of blood-forming organs can cause early and late effects by hematologic depression: Early decreased white count;Late effects-leukemia(can take up to 20 years)
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| show | EStimated 200rad or 1000 rad fractionated dose.
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| Radiation induced malignancies (leukemia)follow what kind of dose response? | show 🗑
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| A-bomb survivors had up to 100 times more incidence of leukemia, What was the latent period and the at risk period? | show 🗑
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| show | Ann Arbor- children that had thymus gland irradiated 20-3 rad (from scatter)got thyroid cancer 20 yrs. later, Rochester -kids thyroid radiated w/ no collimation (300 rad)& kids exposed to fallout during an A-bomb test.
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| show | Starts with radiodermatitis, follows threshold dose response with a 5-10 year latent period. Number of cases is dose-dependent.
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| During fluoroscopy what are the risks of breast cancer? What about mammography? | show 🗑
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| Minors (up to 50%) died of lung cancer once thought to be from the dust, later found to be what? | show 🗑
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| What was given to patients for testing that was later found to be causing liver cancer? | show 🗑
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| What is BEIR and NCRP? | show 🗑
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| How does Radiation effect Pregnancy, before, during and after? | show 🗑
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| show | Low dose chronic irradiation does not effect fertility.
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| When is the most radiosensitive time in-utero? | show 🗑
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| show | During the 1st two weeks after fertilization (when pt. may not know they are pregnant)
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| What are the effects of dose related exposure during the first two weeks? | show 🗑
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| show | Bone or neurologic abnormalities may occur resulting in neonatal death. This is rare (1% increase in neonatal death)Leukemia is most common effect.
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| What do a-bomber survivors' offspring have a higher incidence of? | show 🗑
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| show | Linear, non-threshold doses and ALARA principles.
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| show | 6,000,000=5rad, 1,600,00=10rad, 750,000=15rad, 500,000=20rad, 100,000=50rad.
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Created by:
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