Tx Gov Ch 12
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| Why are moderate candidates are less likely to become party nominees than are extreme candidates? | party purity demonstrates how pure a candidate is to a party
that primary and caucus voters are often more extreme in their political beliefs
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| What are PACs? | Political Action Committee
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| What was the outcome of Citizens United V. Federal Election Commission? | No donation limit to Super PACs
removed federal spending limits on corporations as violations of free speech.
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| How are primary elections are conducted in Texa? | Semi Open Primary
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| What is the individual contribution limit to federal candidates? | 2,700 per election
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| What financial contribution limits does Texas has for its state offices? | None
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| What type of primary system Texas use? | Run-off Primary
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| What is a special elections are and when Texas uses them? | ratify or reject Texas constitutional amendments
fill elected offices that have become vacant between general elections
provide approval to borrow money
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| When does Texas holds its elections for state offices? | National Cycle
Every 2 years
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| What is primary raiding? | consists of voters of one party crossing over and voting in the primary of another party, effectively allowing a party to help choose its opposition’s candidate
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| What is “frontloading” and why do states practice it? | The practice of moving the primary election day to the beginning of the presidential election cycle so a state’s primary results may influence voters in other state primaries.
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| Who is the chief election officer for Texas? | Secretary of State
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| Why are primaries are difficult for voters to follow? | There's so many canidates
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| What types of public policies are supported by liberals? | They believe that government action is needed for people to be as free as possible
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| When did Republicans became the state’s dominant party? | 1980-2000
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| What are the levels of the temporary party organization? | Precinct -> County -> State
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| Which generations are more likely to identify as Democrats | Younger
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| How does the political party structure work? | Grassroots
Building and maintaining the party’s “brand.
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| What are the different levels of the party organization? | precinct -> county-level organization -> state-level organizations -> national party organizations
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| What types of public policies are supported by conservatives? | Support tax cuts and reduced governmental interference policies
Promote negative rights
Oppose stricter gun control laws
Favor increased military spending as opposed to other federal expenditures
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| Which party opposed desegregation? | Democrats
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| What is political polarization? | The degree to which Democrats have become more liberal and Republicans have become more conservative
The parties push themselves to the extreme
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| What are the basic planks of the Progressive party platform? | Disclosure requirements for campaign contributions
An eight-hour workday
A federal income tax
Women’s suffrage.
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| What are the basic policies supported by the libertarian party? | Believe in limited government and are typically considered fiscal conservatives and social liberals.
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| Who leads the party organization.? | Party Chair
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| What is political efficacy? | the feeling that they have any influence over the direction of their government.
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| What party historically dominated Texas? | Democrats
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| What form of voter suppression was mostly used in Texas? | Poll Taxes
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| What is a charter change election? | Voters chose whether to adopt changes to the city’s basic governing document recommended by city officials
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| What type of election is used to remove a public official? | Recall elections
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| What is a bond election? | Voters deciding whether to authorize government entities to borrow money.
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| What is runoff election? | An election between the highest the candidates that had the highest total votes in a primary
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| What are the Texas qualifications for voting? | A United States citizen.
A resident of the Texas county in which application for registration is made.
At least 18 years old on Election Day.
Not finally convicted of a felony
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| What is prospective voting? | Occurs when the voter applies information about a candidate’s past behavior to decide how the candidate will act in the future
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| What is retrospective voting? | Occurs when the voter looks at the candidate’s past actions and the past economic climate and decides only using these factors
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| What are the Texas rules for voting in state primary elections ? | A registered voter can participate in any party primary but can only participate in one party’s primary in each election and cannot vote in a party’s runoff election after voting in another party’s primary in the same election.
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| How does Texas rank among the states in terms of voter turnout? | 44th out of 51
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| What is the basic argument for voter ID laws? | They see increasing requirements for identification to prevent in-person voter impersonation and increase public confidence in the election process.
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| What is the basic argument against voter ID laws? | There is little fraud of this kind, and the burden on voters, especially specific voter demographics, restricts the right to vote and imposes unnecessary costs and administrative
burdens on elections administrators.
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| What did James Madison say concerning the danger of factions. | minorities who would organize around issues they felt strongly about, possibly to the detriment of the majority.
They would dominate society and destroy individual rights
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| What does a lobbyists do? | Someone who represents the interest organization before the
government, is usually compensated for doing so, and is required to register with the government in which he or she lobbies, whether state or federal
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| What is a professional association ? | Interest groups of individuals involved in the same professions.
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| What is a trade association ? | Interest groups of companies involved in the same business.
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| Wat is is the limit on donations of PAC’s in Texas? | None
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| What is the “friendly incumbent rule”? | They avoid backing challengers to incumbent legislators
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| What is grassroots lobbying? | A lobbying movement driven by a large number of ordinary constituents.
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| What is “covert content”? | Political information provided under the pretense that it is neutral
Media made to predispose a reader to an idea
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| How have changes in media format and ownership have impacted the “independence” of source information? | They must provide some public services while following laws and regulations
Media has been condensed into a small group of individuals
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| What interest groups possess the most power in Texas? | Groups of local governments
Texas Municipal League (TML) and the Texas Association of Counties
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| What is cultivation theory? | The hypothesis that the media develop a person’s world views by presenting a perceived reality.
to cultivate ideas with in the media consumer
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| How does thematic framing work in the media? | Takes a broad look at an issue and skips numbers or details
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| Which party promoted desegregation? | Republicans
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| Which generations are more likely to identify as Republican? | Older
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