2.2 and 2.3 Vocab
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| alleles | One or two or more alternative forms of a gene the come by mutation. Are found at the same place on a chromosome.
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| autosomes | A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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| benign | of a disease is not harmful in effect.
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| centromere | The region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore during cell vision.
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| chromatid | each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides during cell division.
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| chromosome | A threadlike structure of nucleic and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information.
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| deletion mutation | A type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.
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| DNA | DNA is a complex, long-chained molecule that contains the genetic blueprints for building and maintaining all living organisms.
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| dominant allele | A relationship between two versions of a gene
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| eukaryotic | Red blood cell
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| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | A genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 250 people and increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age.
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| frameshift mutation | insertions or deletions of nucleotides in the coding region resulting in an altered sequence of amino acids at the translation of the codons
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| gene | The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
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| genome | the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell
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| genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism.
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| gestational diabetes | a type of diabetes that can develop during pregnancy in women who don't already have diabetes.
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| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes.
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| homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes in a pair – normally one inherited from the mother and one from the father.
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| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes.
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| insertion mutation | A type of genetic change that involves the addition of a segment of DNA.
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| karyotype | an individual's complete set of chromosomes.
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | a medical examination performed using magnetic resonance imaging.
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| malignant | A term used to describe cancer.
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| meiosis | a type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes
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| messenger RNA (mRNA) | genetic material that tells your body how to make proteins.
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| metastasis | the development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.
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| mitosis | a process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
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| mutation | he changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA,
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| Nondisjunction | the failure of one or more pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids
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| nucleotides | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
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| pedigree | the record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred.
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| phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
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| plan of care | a presentation of information that easily describes the services and support being given to a person.
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| point mutation | a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
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| polymerase chain reaction | a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA,
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| prognosis | The likely outcome or course of a disease; the chance of recovery or recurrence.
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| protein | A molecule made up of amino acids.
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| protein synthesis | Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes.
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| punnett square | a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given.
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| recessive allele | A type of allele that when present on its own will not affect the individual.
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| restriction enzyme | an enzyme produced chiefly by certain bacteria, having the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.
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| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA.
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| sex chromosomes | A sex chromosome is a type of chromosome involved in sex determination. Humans and most other mammals have two sex chromosomes, X and Y, Females have two X chromosomes in their cells, while males have one X and one Y.
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| silent mutation | occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein-coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein.
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| ultrasound imaging | Ultrasound imaging (sonography) uses high-frequency sound waves to view inside the body.
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