Abdomen
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| What time of gestation is there rapid growth of the abdomen? | show 🗑
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| show | the size of the vitelline duct decreases
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| show | mesenchymal
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| show | during embryogenesis it extends into the connecting stalk. Joins the embryo to the placenta
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| show | *Lower rib margin to upper edge of pelvic bone *Laterally to the paraspinal muscles of the flanks *Umbilicus: located midway between xiphoid notch and pubc symphysis
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| show | Out at 7, in at 11
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| show | 1. Inspection 2. Auscultation 3. Palpation 4. Percussion
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| show | 1. Symmetry 2. Muscle tone 3. Major abdominal wall defect 4. Note umbilicus position
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| Auscultation | show 🗑
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| Palpation | show 🗑
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| Percussion | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Diastasis recti 2. umbilical hernias
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| show | 1. Ventral hernia 2. SUA 3. Unusual umbilical position
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| Deformations | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Absence of abdominal muscles/"Prune belly"
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| show | 1. Size/consistency of liver & spleen -Hepatosplenomegaly - Shrunken liver
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| Malformations of the anterior abdominal wall | show 🗑
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| Malformations (other) | show 🗑
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| show | (minor variant) -Varies in degree -Bulges when small children cry - A small one is common/benign
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| show | -if smaller than 1 cm diameters if a NORMAL VARIANT and closes by 2-3 years -Incarcerated umbilical hernias need surgical correction
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| Ventral hernia | show 🗑
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| show | -Most common minor anomaly - 1% of newborns -Higher proportion with congenital anomalies
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| Unusual umbilical position | show 🗑
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| Umbilical cord length | show 🗑
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| show | -Deformation - true knot= long cord + active fetus
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| show | -Malformation -Obstruction of distal urethra
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| show | - Flaccid -Thin abd. wall -Can see bowel
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| show | -Hepatosplenomegaly -Storage DOs -Shrunken liver- metabolic DOs and ex. Wilson disease (copper)
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| show | -Malformation -Layer of amnion covering it -Intestinal malrotation common, eventration possible
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| Hernia into UC | show 🗑
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| Gastroschisis | show 🗑
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| Two types of inguinal hernias (malformations) | show 🗑
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| Indirect inguinal hernia | show 🗑
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| Direct inguinal hernia | show 🗑
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| show | -Malformation -Major organs are reversed -Totalis = heart on right side -Abdominus= organs below diaphragm are reversed -Polysplenia/asplenia possible
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| show | -Malformation -Remnant of the vitelline duct or "yolk stalk" -Usually asymptomatic -2% of population
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| show | 1. Sinus 2. Cyst 3. Fistula
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| Urachal sinus | show 🗑
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| show | -Remnant of epithelial lining of urachus (canal that connects the bladder and the umbilicus) - Usually small and undetected
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| Urachal fistula | show 🗑
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