topic = IP the internet protocol
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| IP datagram format diagram | show 🗑
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| what is an IP address | show 🗑
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| show | connection between host/router and physical link
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| can routers have multiple interfaces | show 🗑
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| how many interfaces does a host have | show 🗑
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| show | device interfaces that can physically reach each other without passing through anintervening router
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| show | subnet part and host part
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| show | devices in same subnet have common high order bits
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| what is a host part | show 🗑
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| what is the recipe for defining subnets | show 🗑
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| show | classless interdomain routing
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| what is the purpose of a CIDR | show 🗑
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| what are subnet mask used for | show 🗑
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| what is a IPv4 subnet mask | show 🗑
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| show | the network prefix
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| what do zeros in IPv4 subnet mask designate | show 🗑
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| what do we use in shorthand | show 🗑
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| show | means subnet mask has 24 ones and the rest are zeros
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| show | it's hard-coded by sysadmin in config file
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| what does DHCP stand for | show 🗑
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| show | dynamically get address from as server (plug-and-play)
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| show | host dynamically obtains IP address from network server when it joins network (can renew its lease on address in use / allows reuse of addressing / support for mobile users who join and leave network)
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| what is the overview of DHCP | show 🗑
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| show | slide 54-55
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| show | address of first-hop router for client / name and IP address of DNS server / network mask (indicating network versus host portion of address)
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| example of DHCP | show 🗑
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| what is subnetting | show 🗑
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| what is supernetting | show 🗑
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| what are the two approaches to subnetting | show 🗑
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| describe FLSM subnetting | show 🗑
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| describe VSLM subnetting | show 🗑
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| how is VSLM efficient | show 🗑
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| show | supported by most used protocols on the internet
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| show | open shortest path first / enhanced interior gateway protocol / border gateway protocol...
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| show | in FLSM and all the subnets have the same number of addresses in them (tends to be the most wasteful because it uses more IP addresses than are necessary)
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| in FLSM how does a network get subnet part of IP address | show 🗑
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| example of ISP allocates out its address | show 🗑
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| show | slid 63
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| how to solve the solution use subnet mask table | show 🗑
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| show | summary of all known networks
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| how do routers find the shortest path | show 🗑
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| where is supernetting used | show 🗑
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| show | the router will share all routes from routing tables as they are / with supernetting it will summarize them before sharing which reduces the size of routing updates
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| show | allows for efficient advertisement of routing information
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| hierarchical addressing example | show 🗑
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| how does an ISP get blocked of addresses | show 🗑
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| what does ICANN help with | show 🗑
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| show | allocates last chunk of IPv4 addresses to RRs in 2011
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| what's the purpose of NAT | show 🗑
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| show | 128-bit address space
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| what does NAT stand for | show 🗑
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| show | all devices in local network share just one IPv4 address as far as outside world is concerned
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| show | all devices in local network have 32-bit addresses in a private IP address space that can only be used in local network
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| show | just one IP address needed from provider ISP for all devices / can change addresses of host in local network without notifying outside world / can change ISP without changing addresses of devices in local network
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| another advantage of NAT | show 🗑
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| show | router must have outgoing datagrams = which replace (source IP address, port#) of every outgoing datagram to (NAT IP address, new port#)
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| show | they respond using NAT IP address, new port# as destination address
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| show | every source IP address, new port# to NAT IP address, new port# translation pair
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| what happens when datagrams are incoming | show 🗑
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| how has NAT been controversial | show 🗑
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| show | extensively used in home and institutional nets 4G/5G cellular nets
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| show | 32-bit IPv4 address space would be completely allocated
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| what are two other additional motivations for IPv6 | show 🗑
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| show | identify priority among datagrams in flow
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| show | identify datagrams in flow (concept of flow not well defined)
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| show | 128-bit
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| show | no checksum (to speed processing at routers) / no fragmentation/reassembly / no options (available as upper-layer, next-header protocol at router)
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| how will network operate with mixed IPv4 and IPv6 routers | show 🗑
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| show | IPv6 datagram carried as payload in IPv4 datagram among IPv4 routers (packet within a packet)
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| show | 4G/5G
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| what can't all routers do | show 🗑
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| IPv4 network connection two IPv6 routers diagram | show 🗑
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| where is IPv6 adopted from | show 🗑
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| show | 25 years and counting (application-level changes in last 25 years = www, social media, streaming media, gaming, telepresence)
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