Aphg Unit 1 Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| spatial approach | The way of identifying, explaining, and predicting the human and physical patterns and the connections of various locations.
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| physical geography | the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes
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| human geography | The study of where and why human activities are located where they are
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| absolute location | Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
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| latitude | the distance in degrees north or south of the equator
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| equator | the imaginary center line of latitude that divides the northern and southern hemispheres.
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| longitude | Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
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| prime meridian | 0 degrees longitude - passes through Greenwich, England
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| International Date Line | the line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, centered on the 180th meridian
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| Relative Location | the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places
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| connectivity | the degree of linkage between locations from one another
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| accessibility | the relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place
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| ghost towns | empty, deserted towns left after gold miners had moved on
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| place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.
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| region | An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.
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| site | The physical character of a place
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| situation | the location of a place relative to other places
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| sense of place | The relationship with places expressed in different dimensions of human life, how humans perceive a place.
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| toponyms | name given to a portion of Earth's surface
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| distance | The length of a path between two points
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| proximity | nearness in space, time, or relationship
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| time-space compression | term for the reduction in time it takes for something to diffuse to a distance place
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| spatial interaction | movement of people, goods, info, etc between different places
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| friction of distance | the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance
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| distance-decay | contact diminishing with increasing distance and eventually disappear.
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| spatial association | the reason why two things are placed where they are
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| density | The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area
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| distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
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| human-environment interaction | The geographic theme that explores how people use, adapt to, and modify the environment
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| cultural ecology | the geographic study of human-environment relationships
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| environmental determinism | the idea that human behavior is controlled by the physical environment
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| environmental possibilism | the idea that some environments offer specific constraints/ opportunities
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| landscape analysis | The process of describing and interpreting the landscape ecology of an area.
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| field observation | a study of a phenomenon in a natural setting
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| spatial data | refer to the digital representation of space
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| aerial photography | Taking images of the earth from elevated positions as a means of gathering geographic data
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| built environment | man-made or constructed parts of a landscape or area
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| cultural landscape | the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape
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| patterns | recurring characteristics or events
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| processes | the repeated sequences of events
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| scale | the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole
THREE types: cartographic, geographic, scale of data
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| cartographic scale | the way the map communicates the ratio of its size to the size of what it represents
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| geographic scale | amount of territory that a map represents IE global scale is whole earth, local scale is small region
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| relative scale | A scale relative to something else, like a ratio.
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| scale of data | scale of map doesn't HAVE to change, but the level of detail in the data would
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| reference maps | show locations of places and geographic features
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| absolute locations | Exact location of a place on the earth described by global coordinates
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| political map | A map showing units such as countries, states, provinces, districts, etc.
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| physical map | - A map that shows mountains, hills, plains, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc.
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| road map | Shows mainly roads, but also major highways, airports, and local points of interest
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| plat map | detailed map illustrating the geographic boundaries of individual lots
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| locator map | section of a map that shows a larger area than the main map
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| thematic map | A map that shows a particular theme, a map that shows specialized information
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| choropleth map | A map that uses differences in shading or coloring to indicate statistical ranges.
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| dot distribution map | each dot represents an identical unit and conveys data by amount present
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| graduated symbol map | Contain symbols varying in size to show relative quantitative values
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| isoline map | map line that connects points of equal or very similar values
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| topographic map | A map that shows the surface features of an area.
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| cartogram | a type of map used to present statistical info - stretch
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| map projection | a way of representing the spherical Earth on a flat surface
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| Mercator map projection | accurately shows shape and direction, but distorts distance and size of land masses; used for navigation across and ocean
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| Gall-Peters Projection | equal area projection that distorts the shape of land masses (looks stretched out)
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| conic projection | map made by projecting points and lines from a globe onto a cone.
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| Robinson projection | The lines of latitude and longitude almost intersect at right angles except near edges. Useful projection for display of oceans but land masses are distorted.
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| geographic model | A model that represents earths features.
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| spatial model | stylized map, illustrate theories about spacial distributions
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| nonspatial model | illustrate theories using words, graphs, and tables; often depict change over time
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| regionalization | The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions.
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| formal region (AKA uniform or homogenous) | a group of places that have similar attributes, for example, a political region
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| functional (or nodal) region | Consists of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it
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| perceptual (or vernacular) region | a region defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data.
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| mental map | A map which represents the perceptions and knowledge a person has of an area
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| subregion | A smaller division of a geographic region.
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| fieldwork | on-location research
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| quantitative data | Information obtained by counting or measuring
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| qualitative data | Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic
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