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Network Fundamentals / Ch. 2 - The TCP/IP and OSI Networking

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Term
Definition
adjacent-layer interaction   The general topic of how on one computer, two adjacent layers in a networking architectural model work together, with the lower layer providing services to the higher layer.  
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decapsulation   On a computer that receives data over a network, the process in which the device interprets the lower-layer headers and, when finished with each header, removes the header, revealing the next-higher-layer PDU.  
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encapsulation   The placement of data from a higher-layer protocol behind the header (and in some cases, between a header and trailer) of the next-lower-layer protocol.  
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frame   A data-link header and trailer, plus the data encapsulated between the header and trailer.  
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networking model   A generic term referring to any set of protocols and standards collected into a comprehensive grouping that, when followed by the devices in a network, allows all the devices to communicate. Examples include TCP/IP and OSI.  
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packet   A logical grouping of information that includes the network layer header and encapsulated data, but specifically does not include any headers and trailers below the network layer.  
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protocol data unit (PDU)   An OSI term to refer generically to a grouping of information by a particular layer of the OSI model. More specifically, an LxPDU would imply the data and headers as defined by Layer x.  
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same-layer interaction   When two devices use a protocol to communicate with each other on the same layer. The protocol defined by each layer uses a header that is transmitted between the devices to communicate what each device wants to do.  
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segment   In TCP, a term used to describe a TCP header and its encapsulated data (also called an L4PDU). Also in TCP, the process of accepting a large chunk of data from the application layer and breaking it into smaller pieces that fit into TCP segments.  
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