Alkalosis and Acidosis
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| s/s of Resp Alkalosis | confusion, difficulty concentrating; circumoral, nasal or extremity numbness/tingling; muscle twitching/tetany; palpations or thready peripheral pulses; tyspnea; tachypnea
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| s/s of ACUTE Resp Acidosis | increased pulse and respiratory rate; headache & dizziness; decreased LOC, confusion; muscle twitching;
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| s/s of CHRONIC Resp Acidosis | headache; weakness
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| What is Resp Alkalosis? | acute reduction of carbon dioxide; hyperventilation is the primary cause of resp alakalosis: hypocarbia/hypocapnia; pH of above 7.45; fewer H+ (hydrogen ions)
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| What is Resp Acidosis? | inadequate ventilation and subsequent retention of carbon dioxide: hyperventilation: hypercarbia/hypercapnia; pH below 7.35: more H+ (hydrogen ions)
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| What is pH? | hyrdogen ion concentration in blood (most common measure is arterial blood); relationship of Bicarbonate (HCO3) to Carbonic Acid (H2CO3); regulated by chemical, respiratory, and renal mechanisms
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| Abnormal Range= Respiratory Acidosis | pH= less than 7.35 (more acid) PCO2 greater than 45 mmHg
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| Abnormal Range= Respiratory Alkalosis | pH= more than 7.45 PCO2 less than 35 mmHg
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| Causes of Respiratory Acidosis? | Hypoventilation; airway obstruction; medullary trauma; neuromuscular conditions; emphysema; chest injury; pneumonia; pulmonary edema; cardiac arrest; drug overdose; COPD;
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| Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis? | Pulmonary causes: acute asthma; pulmonary vascular disease; pneumonia Non pulmonary causes: aspirin toxicity; fever; metabolic acidosis; fear/anxiety; inflammation of CNS; gram neg septicimia; hepatic failure; medications (progesterone, epinephrine)
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