Ch 23 Bacteria
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| single-celled organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus | Prokaryote
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| a protein-carbohyrate compound found in bacterial cell walls | peptidoglycan
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| Archaeal group that converts hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide into methane gas for energy | methanogen
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| Archaeal group of "salt-loving" bacteria | halophile
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| Archaeal group that live in very hot, acidic environments | thermoacidophile
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| rod-shaped bacterium | bacillus
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| sphere-shaped bacterium | coccus
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| spiral shaped bacterium | spirillum
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| coccus bacterium found in chains | steptococcus
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| bacterium that absorb the red dye into their cell wall during a Gram stain; simpler and have more peptidoglycan | Gram-negative bacterium
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| bacterium that reject the red dye in a Gram stain and retain their purple color | Gram-positive bacterium
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| chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of other microorganisms | antibiotic
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| small, circular, self-replicating loops of double-stranded DNA | plasmid
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| sugars that bind to the cell wall and protect the cell from toxins and chemicals | capsule
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| a fuzzy coat of stick sugars on the bacterial cell wall that allows bacteria to stick to substances and surfaces | glycocalyx
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| short, hairlike projections that help bacteria connect to other bacteria | pilus
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| a thick-coated, resistant structure found only in Gram-positive bacteria | endospore
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| organisms that get their carbon from another organisms | heterotroph
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| organisms that get carbon directly from the air | autotroph
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| organisms that get their energy from sunlight | phototroph
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| organisms that energy from chemicals in the environment | chemotroph
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| coccus bacterium found in grapelike clusters | staphlyococcus
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| prokaryotes that need oxygen to survive | obligate aerobe
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| they can live with or without oxegen | facultative anaerobe
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| organisms that cannot live in the presence of oxygen | obligate anaerobe
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| occurs when a prokaryote takes in dna from the outside enviroment | transformation
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| the process by which two prokaryotes bind together and one cell tranfers DNA to the other through a sex pilus | conjugation
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| a virus obtains a small part of DNA from a host prokaryote | transduction
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| pathology | pathology
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| are toxic substances that bacteria secrete into their environment | exotoxin
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| are toxins substances made of lipids and carbohydrates associated with the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as E.coli | endotoxin
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| the evolution of populations of pathogenic bacteria that antibiotics are unable to kill | antibiotic resistance
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