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Economics- Edexcel 4.1.7

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Term
Definition
show net balance of trade in goods, net balance of trade in services, net primary income, net secondary income  
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show manufactured goods, component parts, raw materials, energy products, capital technology  
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trade balance in services   show
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show measures profits, interest and dividends from investments in other countries, includes net remittance flows from migrant workers living and working overseas  
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net primary income from overseas assets definition   show
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show overseas aid / debt relief transfers, military grants  
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net secondary income definition   show
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show sale of patents, copyrights, franchises, leases and other transferable contracts/debt cancellation/capital transfers of ownership of fixed assets  
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show records the net flow of investment transaction into an economy  
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show transactions that result in a change of ownership of financial assets and liabilities  
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show net balance of FDI, net balance of portfolio investment flows, balance of banking flows, changes to the value of reserves of gold and foreign currency held by a national government  
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show investment from one country into another that involves establishing operations or acquiring tangible assets  
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FDI flows inwards   show
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FDI flows outwards   show
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show when people and businesses from one country buy shares or other securities such as government and corporate bonds in other nations  
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show external deficit  
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show a financial account surplus  
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current account deficit countries   show
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show poor price and non-price competitiveness/strong exchange rates/recession/volatile global prices/strong domestic economic growth  
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structural causes of a current account deficit focussing on longer-term causes include   show
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show loss of AD weakens real GDP growth/causes external value of currency to depreciate leading to cost-push inflation & deterioration in ToT/if borrow increase external debt(risk if interest rates rise)/loss of investor consequence leading to capital flight  
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show a large-scale exodus of financial assets and capital from a nation due to events such as political or economic instability, currency devaluation or the imposition of capital controls  
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current account surplus   show
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surplus nations   show
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show an accumulation of foreign exchange including US dollars from rising export sales or an increase in net primary and secondary income flows  
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main causes of a current account surplus   show
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measures to reduce a country’s imbalance on the current account   show
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expenditure switching policies   show
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show policies designed to lower real incomes and AD and cuts spending on imports, e.g. higher direct taxes, cuts in government spending or an increase in interest rates  
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current account deficit corrected by changes in a country’s exchange rate   show
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show a currency depreciation may not improve the current account because of price inelastic for imports and exports in the short term, earnings from exports are less than higher spending on imports leading to a worsening balance of trade  
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show contracts for imported goods are already signed and it takes time for export businesses to increase their export volumes following a fall in prices  
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show providing that the sum of the coefficient of price elasticity of demand for imports and exports are greater than one, then the trade balance will improve over time  
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show refer to persistent current account surpluses for some countries contrasted with deficits in other nations  
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trade deficit countries   show
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trade surplus countries   show
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