barry patho GI final
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| The GI tract is a continuous tube from the *** to the *** | show 🗑
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| show | amylase
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| show | False they are regulated by the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. beta adrenergic stimulation increases salivationAtropine (anticholinergic)drys the mouth
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| show | ingestion digestion absorption
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| show | chewing and swallowing-mechanical digestion
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| show | transform nutrients into very small particles-chemical digestion
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| absorption | show 🗑
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| show | swallowing movements of the tongue and pharyngeal constrictors propel the food bolus into the esophagus
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| show | sequential waves of muscular contractions that travel down the esophagus and are preceded by receptive waves of relaxation(also in stomach small and large intestine)
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| the function of the esophagus | show 🗑
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| show | occurs in the stomach retropulsion mixing food w/ digestive juices (chyme)and empyting of food through pyloris (also mechanical)
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| true or false all parts of nutrients receive mechanical digestion | show 🗑
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| true or false there is digestion that takes place in the esophogus | show 🗑
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| mechanical digestion | show 🗑
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| show | reducing the size and or complexity of food molecules using digestive enzymes(stomach and sm intestine)
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| 2nd digestion of carbs and 1st digestion of proteins (location) | show 🗑
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| HCL | show 🗑
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| show | digests protein peptide bond
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| 3 types of cells in the stomach | show 🗑
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| mucous cells | show 🗑
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| chief cells(zymogenic) | show 🗑
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| show | produce HCL and intrinsic factor
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| ***is required for absoption of vit B12 needed to form erythrocytes | show 🗑
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| decreased vit B12 causes | show 🗑
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| show | gastritus and peptic ulcers
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| The***allows chyme to empty slowly into the small intestine(duodenum), as not to let too much acid into an alkaline env't too quickly | show 🗑
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| show | Serosa(visceral peritoneum and connective tissue layer), muscularis, submucossa, mucosa
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| Muscularis layer of the stomach outer to inner | show 🗑
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| mucosa layer of the stomach outer to inner | show 🗑
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| gastric glands contained in the mucosa | show 🗑
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| show | secretes the hormone gastrin from G cells
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| Enterochromaffin-like cells | show 🗑
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| show | secrete somatostatin
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| show | A common duct stomach glands empty into
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| show | arterial and venous cappillary and lymph (lacteal)
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| show | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| 2 hhepatic ducts from the liver combine to form | show 🗑
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| common hepatic duct combines with cystic duct from gall bladder to form | show 🗑
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| the common bile duct and the pacreatic duct combine to form | show 🗑
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| show | Duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
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| show | the duodenum and the spleen
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| show | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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| show | gallbladder
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| show | alkaline fluid that neutralizes chyme, creating a duodenal ph that supports enzymatic action
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| Why is the pancreas known as a dual organ? | show 🗑
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| enzymes from acini and a network of ducts in the pancreas empty into***which empties into the common bile duct at*** | show 🗑
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| Icterus(jaundice) | show 🗑
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| bile leaves the liver by way of the | show 🗑
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| show | cystic duct
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| show | circular and longitudnal
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| ****allows bile to enter the gall bladder from the liver via cystic duct, prevents reflux of duodenal contents, and controls flow into the duodenum | show 🗑
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| function of bile | show 🗑
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| show | quadrate, caudate, left, and right(largest)
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| show | True
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| T/F The liver is the largest organ in the abdominal cavity and it is retroperitoneal | show 🗑
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| show | Vascular- to store and filter bloodMetabolic-concerned with most of the metabolic systems of the bodySecretory-bile formation and secretionExcretory
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| show | Superior border @ the 4th ICS in the R upper quadrant (hypochondriac region)
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| show | Falciform ligament
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| Functional unit of the liver | show 🗑
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| show | Bile duct, Hepatic portal vein, Hepatic artery
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| Each liver lobule is formed of plates of ***which are the functional cells of the liver | show 🗑
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| The*** are capillaries that receive a mixture of arterial and venous blood from branches of the hepatic art and portal vein | show 🗑
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| Blood from the sinusoids drains into | show 🗑
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| venous blood from all the central veins drains into the **** and then into the *** | show 🗑
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| bile canaliculli are adjacent to hepatocytes in a lobule, which produce the bile, conduct bile outward while the blood flow is toward the inside T/F | show 🗑
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| show | part of the immune system clean and destroy invaders--phagocytic macrophages--no more than 1% of the bacteria entering through the portal system willexit into the hepatic veins
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| The liver stores a blood volume of *** or **% of the body's total blood volume | show 🗑
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| show | 1.1, 350, 1.45L/min
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| show | 29% and 33%
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| show | glucose
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| show | Fructose and glucose
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| show | glucose and galactose
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| show | maltose
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| show | pentose
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| Type carb used for nutrition | show 🗑
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| Long chains of maltose | show 🗑
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| show | Cori Cycle
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| show | Oxidation of fa to supply energy.Forms lipoproteinsSynthesis of cholesterol and phospholipidsConversion of carbs and protein into fat
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| show | Bile salts
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| Function of protein metabolism in the liver | show 🗑
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| show | the process of deamination and bacteria in the GI tract
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| Some things the liver excretes | show 🗑
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| vitamins the liver stores | show 🗑
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| show | fibrinogen, prothrombin, and V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII (5, 7-13)
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| T/F The liver can synthesize the 8 essential aa | show 🗑
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| fuel for the heart | show 🗑
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| Transamination | show 🗑
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| Deamination | show 🗑
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| show | The liver uses fats and proteins to make glucose
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