Final study guide
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| Teratogen | show 🗑
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| show | pregnant women
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| show | Adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated risk
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| FDA Guidelines B | show 🗑
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| FDA Guidelines C | show 🗑
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| show | Evidence of human risk but benefits may make use acceptable
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| show | Studies show risk; risk of use clearly outweighs any possible benefit
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| show | 1. Prevent quality clinical assessment of original studies 2. Only useful for prescribing, not retrospective risk assessment
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| show | 1. Known teratogenic exposure 2. Complicated inquiry 3. Patient anxiety 4. Conflicting opinions
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| Strategies to Reduce Risk for previous ONTD | show 🗑
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| What plays into the effects of a teratogenic exposure? | show 🗑
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| show | 3%
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| show | 1. Ebsteins anomaly, recommended fetal echocardiogram at 20 weeks, 3rd trimester use associated with neonatal cyanosis, hypotonia, disturbances of cardiac rhythm, diabetes insispidus and hypothyroidism.
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| Anticonvulsants: Worst one... | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Malformations 2. IUGR 3. Pancytopenia 4. CNS damage 5. Pregnancy loss 6. Cardiomyopathy 7. Prematurity 8 MR 9 Limb anomalies
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| ACE Inhibitors | show 🗑
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| ACE inhibitors mechanism of action | show 🗑
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| Anticonvulsants... potential risks | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Broad depressed nasal bridge 2. short nose with anteverted nares 3. Long philtrum 4. Maxillary hypoplasia 5. fingernail hypoplasia
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| show | Masculinization of the female fetus, dose-dependent and critical period 8-13 weeks (labial fusion) later in pregnancy (clitoral hypertrophy)
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| DES critical period of development (andro. hormone) | show 🗑
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| show | Antley-Bixler like phenotype, Pattern of malformations: brachycephaly, craniosynostosis, proptosis, low nasal brdige, cleft palate, femoral bowing, thin ribs and long bones' joint contractures, congenital heart defects
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| Retinoids | show 🗑
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| Critical period for isotretinoin/Retinoids | show 🗑
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| Tetracycline | show 🗑
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| show | hearing loss (damage to the 8th nerve)
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| Thalidomide | show 🗑
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| Warfarin | show 🗑
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| show | 4-6 weeks
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| show | 7-16 weeks
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| show | 32-38 weeks
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| Critical period for TA, ASD, and VSD | show 🗑
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| less critical period for heart | show 🗑
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| show | 4 weeks to 6 weeks
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| show | 6 weeks to 9 weeks
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| show | 6 weeks to 9 weeks
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| show | weeks 5 and 6
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| less critical period for upper lip | show 🗑
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| Low-set malformed ears and deafness | show 🗑
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| less critical period ears | show 🗑
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| Critical period for microhthalmia, cataracts and glaucoma | show 🗑
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| less critical period for eyes | show 🗑
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| show | weeks 7 and 8
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| less critical period for teeth | show 🗑
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| critical period for cleft palate | show 🗑
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| less critical period and palate | show 🗑
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| critical period for masculinization of female genitalia | show 🗑
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| less critical period for external genitalia | show 🗑
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| What drugs are associated with clefting? | show 🗑
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| show | 8-10 weeks gestation
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| show | Second and third trimester
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| Androgenic hormones critical period | show 🗑
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