Terms from Transcription unit of 04-350 at NW
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| show | growth media that contains all the necessary biomolecules required for growth pre assembled.
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| minimal media | show 🗑
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| prototroph | show 🗑
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| show | a mutant that has lost a key biochemical activity due to a mutation. unable to grow on minimal media as a result
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| genetic screen | show 🗑
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| mutagen | show 🗑
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| supplement | show 🗑
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| show | a series of related biochemical reactions. For example X is converted to Y which is converted to Z. Each reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme.
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| transcriptional unit | show 🗑
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| mRNA | show 🗑
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| show | ribosomal RNA. A type of RNA. When it folds into hair pins and stem loops due to internal base pairing it forms the bulk of the machinery (ribosome) responsible for synthesizing proteins
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| tRNA | show 🗑
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| snRNA | show 🗑
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| RNA polymerase | show 🗑
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| show | term used when talking about prokaryotic RNA polymerase. It is able to synthesize RNA but has low affinity and indiscriminate initiation which means it doesn't work very well. composed of multiple polypeptide subunits.
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| RNA polymerase holoenzyme | show 🗑
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| show | protein found in prokaryotes that combines with the core RNA polymerase to make it more efficient. When part of the polymerase holoenzyme, it interacts with the -35 consensus sequence of a prokaryotic promoter
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| show | sequence at the beginning of a gene (transcriptional unit) that signals where RNA polymerase is supposed to bind and initiation of transcription should occur. Upstream of the transcriptional start site.
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| show | common consensus sequence found ~ 35 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site. site where sigma factor will directly interact with the DNA by attaching to the major groove.
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| show | common consensus sequence found ~ 10 nucleotides upstream of the transcriptional start site. Largely composed of A and T bp which makes strand separation relatively easy
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| consensus sequence | show 🗑
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| show | TSS, +1, the first nucleotide copied from the DNA template into the RNA strand being synthesized during transcription. Not the start codon
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| show | the location in an enzyme where substrate will interact and the actual chemical reaction takes place
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| NTP | show 🗑
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| template strand | show 🗑
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| nontemplate strand | show 🗑
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| transcriptional bubble | show 🗑
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| open complex | show 🗑
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| closed complex | show 🗑
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| RNA coding | show 🗑
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| show | the sequence at the end of a gene that marks where transcription is supposed to end.
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| show | used in the terminator of all prokaryotic genes. in the DNA the sequence on the template left to right is identical to the non template right to left. causes the formation of a stem loop structure in the RNA transcript which pauses transcription.
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| rho | show 🗑
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| rho independent termination | show 🗑
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| show | the probability that two molecules will remain bound together. applies to situations where an enzyme may bind to a template or substrate but break apart before a reaction occurs.
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| initiation | show 🗑
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| elongation | show 🗑
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| show | the stage of transcription or translation where the process is coming to an end
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| show | the opening in the RNA polymerase that allows the growing RNA chain to emerge as new nucleotides are added to the 3' end
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| core promoter | show 🗑
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| show | a consensus sequence that may be found in a eukaryotic core promoter
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| show | a consensus sequence that may be found in a eukaryotic core promoter
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| show | transcription factor two D recognition element, a common consensus sequence that may be found in a eukaryotic core promoter.
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| RNA polymerase II | show 🗑
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| show | the form of RNA polymerase in eukaryotes responsible for synthesizing large RNA, especially rRNA
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| RNA polymerase III | show 🗑
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| general transcription factors | show 🗑
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| show | part of a eukaryotic promoter where regulatory transcription factors bind to stimulate transcription
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| show | a possible consensus sequence found in the regulatory promoter
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| show | a possible consensus sequence found in the regulatory promoter of eukaryotes
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| activator | show 🗑
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| show | a type of regulatory transcription factor that interferes with transcription
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| show | a sequence of DNA found far upstream or downstream of the core promoter that serves as a binding site for activator proteins
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| basal transcriptional apparatus | show 🗑
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| show | a protein that attaches to another protein causing stimulation of transcription
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| mediator | show 🗑
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| pre mRNA | show 🗑
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| mature mRNA | show 🗑
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| show | a series of events that alter the composition of a mRNA. Includes capping, splicing, cleavage, tailing and editing
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| capping | show 🗑
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| show | alteration of the mRNA that removes intron sequences and joins exons together due to the action of snurps
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| show | sequence of nucleic acid found in DNA, copied into primary mRNA, and retained in mature mRNA. includes all the sequences that will make up the open reading frame coding for the protein
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| intron | show 🗑
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| snurp | show 🗑
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| 5' splice site | show 🗑
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| show | consensus sequence found at the junction of the end of an intron and the beginning of an exon
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| branch point | show 🗑
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| show | selective use of 5' and 3' splice sites allows splicing to occur in multiple ways, changing the sequence of the mature mRNA
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| cleavage | show 🗑
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| cleavage signal | show 🗑
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| show | proteins responsible for recognizing cleavage signal and cutting the mRNA away
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| show | process of adding a long string of As to the 3' end of the mRNA after cleavage, forming the poly A tail, also known as polyadenylation
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| editing | show 🗑
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| alternative cleavage | show 🗑
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