Intro to Pharm
Help!
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| 5 steps of the nursing process | assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
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| responsibilities of the RN dictated by the licensure and experience | licensure and authority to carry out all steps of the nursing process
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| responsibilities of the LVN dictated by the licensure and experience | working under the supervision of the RN; assess, implement, and evaluate with guidance
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| two types of data assessment | subjective and objective
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| subjective data | obtained through questioning; info that cannot be measured
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| objective data | obtained through observation; info that is observed or could be verified by another
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| inspection | close observation
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| palpation | feeling
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| percussion | detecting differences n vibrations through the skin
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| auscultation | listening with a stethoscope
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| drug history assessment | meds and alcohol interract and will affect pts
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| helpful info to be used in planning drug therapy | symptoms, signs or diseases that explain need for medication
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| diagnosis | conclusion abt what the pts problems are
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| medical diagnosis | what physicians makes
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| nursing diagnosis | what nurses makes
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| planning patient goals | help the patient learn about a medication and how to use it properly
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| planning nurse goals | help the nurse plan what equipment or procedures are needed to administer a medication
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| four steps of planning | 1. determine the reason for each med to be given 2. learn info re the medication 3. plan for special storage, techniques, or equip 4. develop a pt teaching plan
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| 6 rights of medication administration | RIGHT 1. drug 2. time 3. dose 4. patient 5. route 6. documentation
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| right drug - drug label is verified 3 times | 1. before taking the drug fr the unit dose cart or shelf 2. before preparing the prescribed dosage 3. before replacing the med on the shelf or before admin it to the pt
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| S.R. (sustained release) or enteric coated drugs | should never be crushed
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| what is the most rapid response of body to the drugs? | IV
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| what would you tell a pt when taking drugs orally? | drink lots of water to help dissolve med
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| how would a nurse ensure the med order is accurate? | by checking the medication record with the physician's order sheet.
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| right dose consideration | age, weight, health status and recent change in health status
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| right routes | it alters affects for medications; nurses must not alter the route prescribed for a medication without a physician's order
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| evaluation of what happens when you administer drug and documentation | it helps the dr decide whether or not to continue the same drug or change it through your documentation
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| when should nurses document after they given drug to patient | as soon as they gave it to the patient
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| when should nurses verify if the narcotic administered is working | every 30 minutes
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| why should medication be held if there is a change in the pt's condition? | maybe they don’t need it anymore
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| two types of checks needed for drug therapy | adverse (not working) effect and therapeutic (working) effect
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| diffusion | the process by which substances move back and forth across a membrane until they are evenly distribted throughout the available space
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| osmosis | the movement of pure solvent (liquid) across a membrane
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| filtration | the movement of water and suspended substances outward through a semipermeable membrane
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| drug half life | time it takes for the plasma concentration of drug to reach half of its original concentration
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| how do toxic byproduct can be excreted out of a body | breast milk, feces and urine
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| SCHEDULE I (C-I) | -high abuse potential; no accepted medical use.-may lead to severe psychologic or physical dependence-LSD, heroin, marijuana
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| SCHEDULE II (C-II) | -abuse potential may lead to severe psychologic or physical dependence-amphetamines, meperidine, methadone, methaqualone, morphine
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| SCHEDULE III (C-III) | -abuse potential may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychologic dependence-aspirin w codeine, tylenol w codeine, paregonic
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| SCHEDULE IV (C-IV) | -abuse potential of limited physical or psychologic dependence-some sedatives, nonnarcotic, analgesics, valium, xanax, ativan
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| SCHEDULE V (C-V) | -limited abuse potential, primarily small amounts of narcotics (codeine), used as antitussiveor antidiarrheals-lomotil, promethazine w codeine
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| prescription drugs | ordered by authorized personnel MD etc
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| OTC | bought at local drug store or supermarket, self administered, no Rx
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| generic drug names | most commonly used, NOT capitalized, the name manufacturer uses & is the same in every country
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| trade or brand name drug | name is followed by the symbol which indicates name is registrated to a specific manufacturer
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| what if patient refuse med? | put med back on cart and say "maybe we can discuss why you do not want to take them so I can call to report to MD to help assess." know your drug
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| enteral route | most common route is by mouth but it takes longer to be effective
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| parental route | refers to any route other than alimentary canal into skin, subcutaneous.
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| percutaneous route | through topical skin, ID (under the toungue)
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| transdermal | this is a type of percutaneous route that is impregnated patches placed against skin
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| side effects | a mild, annoying drug reaction. Ie n/v dizziness, drowsiness
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| adverse reactions | an undesired drug effect other than side effects, maybe moderate, severe or life threatening, may require pt to be hospitalized
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| allergic or hypersensitivity reaction | usually occurs after exposed to a drug & the body has developed antibodies to it
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| anaphylactic reaction | most serious type of an allergic reaction. Serious reaction after the administration of drug. Requires immediate medical attention = LIFE
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| teratogenic | drug use results in deformities in a developing fetus
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| DRUG INTERACTION: additive | when 2 drugs are given together, the combined effect of the drugs is equal to either that of the single more active component of the mixture or the sum of the effects of the indiv drug
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| DRUG INTERACTION: antagonistic | one drug interferes with the action of another drug. Ie TCN + antacid = reduced absorption of TCN
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| DRUG INTERACTION: synergistic | potentiates or boosts; combined effect of the 2 drugs is greater than the sum effect of each drug given alone
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| DRUG INTERACTION: displacement | takes place when one drug replaces another drug receptor site, increasing the effect of the first drug
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| DRUG INTERACTION: interference | when one drug promotes rapid excretion of another, reducing the activity of the first drug
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| DRUG INTERACTION: incompatibility | when two drugs mixed together in a syringe produce a chemical reaction so they cannot be given at the same time/site = haziness, precipitate, change color on mixing
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Created by:
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