Vocabulary
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| HEALTH PHYSICS | The scientific discipline of radiation protection
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| TVL | Tenth value layer. That thickness of material that will reduce radiation intensity to one tenth its unattenuated value
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| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement
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| EFFECTIVE DOSE | Concept that attempts to specify the overall risk of harm to an organism by accounting for two variables with the use of appropriate weighting factors
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| ALARA | As low as reasonably achievable
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| TISSUE WEIGHTING FACTOR (WR) | A numerical index of the relative radiosensitivity of various tissues
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| FIRST RESPONDER | Early people on the scene of a radiologic terrorism event who must make the first decisions
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| CLARENCE DALLY | Considered the first x-ray fatality. An assistant to Thomas Edison
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| MANHATTAN PROJECT | The name of the World War II project to develop the atomic bomb
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| LNT | Linear nonthreshold dose-response relationship
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| TLD | Thermoluminescent dosimeter
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| USE FACTOR | The percentage of time during which the x-ray tube is on and directed toward a particular wall
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| DIAGNOSTIC PROTECTIVE X-RAY TUBE HOUSING | Protective shielding in the x-ray tube housing designed to reduce leakage radiation to less than 100 mR/hr at 1 m
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| GLOW CURVE | The response of a TLD as a function of temperature, displayed graphically
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| PRIMARY PROTECTIVE BARRIER | Barrier designed to shield against primary radiation. The image-intensifier assembly serves as a primary protective barrier. Secondary protective barriers are designed to shield areas from secondary radiation which are less thick.
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| X-RAY LINEARITY | Radiation intensity is proportional to the mA station selected.
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| SECONDARY RADIATION | Leakage radiation; scatter radiation
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| OCCUPANCY FACTOR | Relative time that a protected area is occupied
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| GEIGER-MULLER REGION | The voltage plateau over which the Geiger counter detector operates
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| RESOLVING TIME | Applies to Geiger counter and scintillation detector. The minimum time between two interactions allowing both interactions to be detected.
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| FETAL DL | 500 mrem/9 months (5 mSv/9 mo); 50 mrem/mo (0.5 mSv/mo) when declared
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| MAJOR ORGANOGENESIS | The period during pregnancy when the organ systems of the fetus are developing. Approximately weeks 2–8 of pregnancy
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| ELECTIVE BOOKING | Program of scheduling x-ray examinations of the abdomen and pelvis when pregnancy is unlikely
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| GSD | Genetically Significant Dose
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| PENUMBRA | A geometric tail on either side of a collimated x-ray beam
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| SHADOW SHIELDING | Lead or other shielding material attached to the radiographic tubehead to shield the gonads
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| ESE | Entrance Skin Exposure
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| CT BEAM WIDTH | The size of the cone beam in multislice CT, rather than the slice thickness which is determined by detector size
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| MMD | Mean Marrow Dose
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| NCRP | National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
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| EXTREMITY MONITOR | A ring or wrist badge
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| PERSONNEL MONITOR | A radiation dosimeter designed to measure the intensity of occupational radiation exposure (e.g. film badge, TLD, OSL)
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| UNITS OF X-RADIATION OUTPUT INTENSITY | mR or mR/mA or mR/mAs
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| EXTREMITY DL | 50 rem/yr (500 mSv/yr)
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| EFFECTIVE DOSE | The whole body equivalent dose of a partial body exposure that will produce the same response
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| THRESHOLD DOSE | Dose below which a person has a negative chance of sustaining specific biologic damage, or dose at which response to increasing x-ray intensity first occurs.
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| OSL | Optically Stimulated Luminescence
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