Endocrine Terms
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| acromegaly | continued growth of bone from growth hormone hypersecretion
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| carpal spasm | decreased calcium levels cause the patient hand and fingers to contract
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| Chvostek sign | (a test for hypocalcemia) tapping your finger in front of the patient's ear at the angle of the jaw. Positive sign would be facial grimacing due to repeated contraction of facial muscles
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| dwarfism | (a condition characterized by short stature) insufficient pituitary growth hormone
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| exophthalmos | (protruding eyes) may be seen in hyperthyroidism
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| goiter | enlarged thyroid gland, may be seen in Graves disease
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| tetany | tonic muscle spasm
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| Trousseau sign | (a test for hypocalcemia)
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| GH growth hormone | also called somatotropin, stimulates growth of the body by signaling cells to increase protein production and by stimulating the epiphyseal plates of the long bones
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| TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone | stimulates the synthesis and release of the thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland
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| ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone | stimulates the release of hormones especially glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
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| ADH antidiuretic hormone | also called vasopressin, decreases urine production by causing renal tubules to reabsorb water from the urine and return it to the circulating blood
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| Somatomedin C | blood test used to evaluate the secretion of growth factor and to identify GH deficiency or excess
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| Thyroxine (T4) | blood test used to determine thyroid function and aid in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
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| Triodothyronine (T3) | blood test used to diagnose hyperthyroidism and to compare T3 with T4 to diagnose thyroid disorder
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| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | blood test used to identify hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism and is used to monitor response to PTH therapy
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| Aldosterone | blood test that is used to identify a deficit or excess of aldosterone and help determine the cause of overhydration
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| Cortisol | blood test that is used to measure total cortisol level in the serum and evaluate adrenal cortex function
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| C-Peptide | essential function related to the synthesis of insulin in the beta cells. Often used in diagnostic tests to prove that an individual with type 1 diabetes is not producing insulin. Helps differentiate type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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| Fasting Blood Glucose/Sugar | blood test used to identify or confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Also used to monitor treatment of diabetes.
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| HbA1C or A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin) | blood test used as a diagnostic tool to monitor diabetes. Results represent blood glucose levels (90-120 days)
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| Addison disease | also known as adrenal insufficiency., the patient suffers from decreased cortisol levels as well as a decrease in aldosterone levels
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| Addisonian crisis | Life-threatening acute adrenal insufficiency
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| Cushing disease |
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| Diabetes insipidus |
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| Euthyroid |
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| gigantism | usually results from an over secreting of GH as a result of hyperplasia of the anterior pituitary; this hyperplastic tissue may develop into a tumor.
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| myxedema | Chronic, untreated hypothyroid state in adults. There is an accumulation of non-pitting edema in connective tissues throughout body
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| myxedema coma | Life-threatening complication of long-standing, untreated hypothyroidism
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| proptosis |
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| thyroid crisis |
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| thyrotoxicosis |
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| Graves Disease | most common form of hyperthyroidism in children, caused by autoantibodies to the TSH receptor causing excess release of TH
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| Hashimoto Disease | most common cause of thyroid disease and goiter in children and adolescents
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