chapter 17 household chemicals
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| show | cleansing agents from europe and tropical america (respectively)
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| show | saponins
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| fist detergents | show 🗑
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| ancient babylonians used what as cleansing agents | show 🗑
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| soap was first mainly used as a | show 🗑
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| show | soap
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| show | lye sodium hydroxide
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| Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2 | show 🗑
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| show | sodium hydroxide heated with animal fats or vegetable oils
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| show | salt of a long chain of carboxylic acid
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| show | becuase it often contained unreacted alkali
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| show | fats and oils are hydrolyzed with superheated steam and fatty acids are neutralized
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| potassium soaps compared to sodium soaps | show 🗑
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| most liquids for hand cleaning contain | show 🗑
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| soaps can also be made by reacting fatty acids with ___ ie. shampoos and cosmetics | show 🗑
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| describe a soap molecules dual nature | show 🗑
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| what are the roles of the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail in soaps | show 🗑
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| show | a spherecal collection of mollecules
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| show | emulsion, emulsifying agent
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| show | any agent including soap that stabalizes the suspension of nonpolar substances in water
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| a disatvantage of soap is that it doesnt work well in | show 🗑
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| what is hard water | show 🗑
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| what is the purpose of water softeners | show 🗑
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| show | washing soda, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate
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| show | it makes the water basic, raising the pH of the water, removes incoluble salts
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| how do water softening tanks soften water | show 🗑
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| show | calcium , magnesium and iron
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| show | are resistant to effects of acids and hard water
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| show | soap materials were scarce and expensive during ww2 and so the synthetic soap industry developed rapidly in post war perios
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| show | petroleum
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| ABS detergents were made from 2 main things | show 🗑
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| show | sulfonic acid
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| in making ABS detergents sulfonic acid was neutralized with a ___ usually __ | show 🗑
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| show | it was nonbiodegradable, goundwater supply was threatened
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| what is the main difference between ABS and LAS detergents | show 🗑
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| LAS have __ chains of __ | show 🗑
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| show | produce enzymes that can break down the carbon atoms two at a time
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| why do synthetic detergents work better in acidic and hard water | show 🗑
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| show | surfactant
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| what does surfactant stand for | show 🗑
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| sulfactants are generally clasified by | show 🗑
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| show | counter ion
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| are ABS and LAS soaps ionic or anionic surfactants | show 🗑
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| anionic surfactant | show 🗑
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| show | Na+
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| nonionic surfactants (3 characteristics )(2main uses) | show 🗑
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| most widely used nonionic surfactants | show 🗑
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| show | ABS, LAS, laundry, hand dishwashing detergents, household cleansers make lots of suds!!
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| show | anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric
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| show | positive charge on the active part
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| what are cationic surfactants not particularly good at | show 🗑
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| show | have a germicidal action , used for cleansers, disinfected for dairy ,sanatizing ingredients
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| show | quaternary ammonium salts
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| sometimes cationic surfactants are used with ___ | show 🗑
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| show | both positive and negative charge
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| show | mildness, sudsing, stability
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| show | shampoos for babies, liquid handwashing soap
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| show | betaines
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| any substance added to a surfactant to increase its detergence is called a | show 🗑
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| show | increase its detergency
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| main function of builder is to | show 🗑
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| what happens in suquestration | show 🗑
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| thee complex phosphates used in sequestiation and synergistic proccess | show 🗑
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| why would states ban detergents with phosphates | show 🗑
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| process of precipitation | show 🗑
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| show | zeolites
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| show | aluminosilicates
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| show | by ion exchange
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| explain the ion exchange of zeolites | show 🗑
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| show | fluorescent whitening agents
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| show | blancophors (colorless dyes)
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| how do blancophos work as optical brighteners | show 🗑
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| liquid laundry detergents can be made with (3things) | show 🗑
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| show | LAS surfactants
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| show | AES, LAS, alcohol ethoxylates and alkylphenol ethoxylates
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| show | washing clothes that have to be washed on cold becuase they are most soluble in cold water
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| liquid detergents might ad __ or __ to help them disolve reallly gross stuff | show 🗑
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| liquid detergents for washing dishes by hand usually contain one or more __ as an active ingrediant | show 🗑
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| show | LAS
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| if a nonionic surfactant is used in liquid dish detergent it is usually | show 🗑
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| do liquid dishwashing detergents usually contain builders | show 🗑
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| show | alkaline
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| show | a positive ion
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| many cationic surfactants are __ __ salts | show 🗑
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| show | 4 hydrocarbon groups attatched to a nitrogen atom
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| formation of the cation used for fabric softener | show 🗑
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| show | oxidizing agents that remove colored stains from fabrics
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| show | sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl solutions)
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| show | they release chlorine rapidly and can be damaging to fabrics turns polyester yellow
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| symclosene is an example of a __ type of bleach | show 🗑
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| what does cyanurate bleach do | show 🗑
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| show | sodium per carbonate or sodium perborate
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| in oxygen releaseing bleaches what acts as a bleach in hot water | show 🗑
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| borates are toxic and require what three things to meet an equivalant to chlorine bleach | show 🗑
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| show | oxygen bleaching
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| percarbonate bleaches act like a combination between | show 🗑
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| show | percarbonate bleaches
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| bleaches act on light absorbing chemical groups called | show 🗑
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| show | calcium carbonate
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| what is the crystaline product used for toilet cleaner | show 🗑
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| what is the liquid cleanser for toilets called | show 🗑
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| show | silica (SiO2) rubbing stains from surfaces
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| show | surfactant
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| most common glass cleaner is | show 🗑
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| what else can be added to make glass cleaners stronger | show 🗑
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| show | sodium hydroxide, it reacts with water to create heat to melt the grease in the pipes...it also reacts with fat in the pipes to make soap
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| show | bleach, concentrated sodium hydroxide , aluminum metal
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| oven cleaners are made of | show 🗑
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| show | remove stuff like paint varnish adhesives ect
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| show | cutting grease
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| show | narcodical and flamable
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| show | pigment, binder, solvent
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| show | titanium dioxide
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| white lead was banned in | show 🗑
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| binder aka | show 🗑
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| show | binds pigment particles together and holds them on the painted surface
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| binder in oil paints is usually __or__ | show 🗑
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| show | a polymer of somekind
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| most common interior paint binder | show 🗑
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| show | acrylic resins
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| solvent thats very resistant to sunlight and rain | show 🗑
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| chemical makeup of a wax | show 🗑
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| cornauba wax | show 🗑
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| show | extracted from the head of a sperm whale, largly cetyl palmitate
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| show | wax from sheeps wool, makes skin creams
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| what two things did egyptians use to make green eyeshadow | show 🗑
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| show | greek , invented cold cream
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| ladies of the 18th century whitened their faces with | show 🗑
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| show | 89 billion
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| show | ....stuff to alter appearance
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| show | affect the bodys structure or function
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| show | soap
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| drugs must be proven __ before marketed | show 🗑
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| two main parts of epidermus | show 🗑
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| show | keratin
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| keratin must have a moisture content of _% | show 🗑
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| skin is protected from loss of moisture by | show 🗑
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| show | protects skin from loss of moisture, oilly seccretion of the sebaccous glands
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| show | corneal
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| lotion | show 🗑
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| cream | show 🗑
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| essential ingredient of either a lotion or cream is | show 🗑
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| emollients | show 🗑
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| how to emillients keep the skin moist | show 🗑
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| moisturizers job | show 🗑
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| show | melanin
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| suncreen lotions block __rays and allow __ rays | show 🗑
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| show | (PABA)
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| show | water soluble washed off!
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| show | OMC used in 90% of sunscreen lotions
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| spf stands for | show 🗑
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| show | oil and wax
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| show | castor oil, sesame oil or mineral oil
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| show | beeswax, carnauba and canelilla
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| show | bromoacid dyes
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| show | soap, oils, fats, waxes
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| eye shadow has a bas eof | show 🗑
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| show | 60%petroleum jelly 10% fats and waxes 6%lanolin
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| show | perfume and germicide
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| show | triclosan
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| antiperperants are different from deodorants because they have | show 🗑
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| show | constrict the opening of the sweat glands restricting perspiration allowed to escape
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| show | zirconium and aluminum chlorides and hydroxides
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| __ is the most imporant cosmetic product | show 🗑
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| show | detergent and abrasive
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| show | alkyl sulfates
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| show | hydroxyapatite
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| flouride converts part of the enamle to | show 🗑
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| 3 notes of perfume | show 🗑
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| show | most volatile, small molecules, first application of perfume
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| middle note | show 🗑
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| show | has low volatility, large molecules musky odor
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| show | found in hair and urine may be sex attractant for females
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| show | perfumes diluted with ethylk alcohol or an alcohol water mixture
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| show | 10-25
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| colognes are oly _% as strong as perfumes | show 🗑
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| hair is composed primarily of the fibrous protein | show 🗑
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| protein molecules (in hair) are made of amino acids which are held together by four forces .. | show 🗑
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| show | hydrogen
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| show | salt bridges
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| show | disulfide linkages
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| keratin of hair has more or less disulfide linkages as the keratin of skin | show 🗑
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| show | hydrogen bonds makes hair soft and stretchable
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| the maximum number of salt bridges exist at a pH of __ | show 🗑
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| show | dead; alive
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| show | sebum
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| before ww2 the cleansin agent in shampoo was | show 🗑
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| cleansing agent in modern shampoos | show 🗑
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| show | anionic type (sodium dodecyl sulfate) same used in toothpaste
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| in shampoo for babies the detergent type is usually | show 🗑
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| show | both acids and bases
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| show | a detergent of some sort
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| shampoo for oily hair is more __ while shampoo for dry hair is more ___ | show 🗑
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| what gives hair body why | show 🗑
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| conditioners are made mainly of long chain __ or long chain __ | show 🗑
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| show | 5 and 8
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| color of hair and skin is determined by the relative amounts of what two pigmesnts | show 🗑
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| whad is the oxidizing agent usually used to bleach hair | show 🗑
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| para-phenylenediamine (hair) | show 🗑
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| show | used in blonde hair dying formulations
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| MMPD (hair) | show 🗑
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| substitute fo MMPD | show 🗑
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| show | gradual hair dying using lead acetate, darker colors
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| permanent wave lotion contains __ to rupture the disulfide linkages | show 🗑
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| reducing agent in perming causes what to happen | show 🗑
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| show | hair is treated with oxidizing agen (hydrogen peroxide) and disulfide linkages are formed in new positions
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| show | resins
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| show | hairspray
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| show | foam or froth .. in hair a holding resin
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| show | depilatories
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| show | remove hair
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| show | a soluble sulfur compound
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| how do depilatories work | show 🗑
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| minoxidil was first introduced as | show 🗑
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| rogain is __ | show 🗑
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| biodegradeable detergents have __ chains | show 🗑
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| cationic surfactants with two long hydrocarbon chains are used as | show 🗑
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| show | disinfectants
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| esters of fatty acids with long chain alcohols | show 🗑
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| eye makeup and lipstick are blends of mainly 3 things | show 🗑
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| toothpaste contains 5 main things | show 🗑
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| red hair contains the pigment | show 🗑
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| show | melanin
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| show | not much of either
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