HK 150 Exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Mole that can liberate Hydrogen ions.
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| Base | show 🗑
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| Normal pH in body | show 🗑
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| show | pH > 7.4
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| show | pH < 7.4
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| show | Lactic Acid; strong acid liberating LARGE amounts of hydrogen.
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| show | Carbon Dioxide; forms carbonic acid liberating hydrogen.
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| Negative impact of Hydrogen Ion accumulation of skeletal muscle | show 🗑
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| show | Resist changes in pH (Acid-Base)
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| Buffer System function: | show 🗑
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| Primary Buffer System used during Exercise within CELLS | show 🗑
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| Primary Buffer System used during Exercise within BLOOD | show 🗑
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| show | Acidosis would lower pH, Muscles would fatigue and Oxygen transport would be impaired.
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| show | Transport oxygen/nutrients to tissues, removes wastes and helps regulate body temperature
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| Chambers of the heart | show 🗑
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| 4 valves of the Heart | show 🗑
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| show | Vena Cava, Pulmonary Veins/Arteries and Aorta
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| Right Atrium Blood Flow Direction | show 🗑
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| Left Atrium Blood Flow Direction | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary Circuit | show 🗑
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| show | Pumps deoxygenated blood from RV to lungs via pulmonary arteries & returns oxygenated blood to the LA via pulmonary veins
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| Systemic Circuit | show 🗑
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| show | Pumps oxygenated blood from LV to whole body via aorta & returns deoxygenated blood to the RA via vena cava
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| show | Carries blood AWAY from heart when blood is under high pressure. Tunica media (smooth muscle layer) constricts.
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| show | RETURNS blood to the heart when low pressure. Valves prevent backflow.
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| Capillaries | show 🗑
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| show | Both contain actin and myosin = they both contract.
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| Systole | show 🗑
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| show | Relaxation phase; filling the ventricle with blood. While at rest, 60% of cycle is spent here.
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| show | Pumped OUT of the left ventricle with each beat
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| Stroke volume calculation | show 🗑
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| Cardiac Output (Q) | show 🗑
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| show | Q = HR x SR
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| Ejection fraction (EF) | show 🗑
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| show | EF = (SV / EDV) x 100
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| show | Pressure generated in arteries during VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION
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| Diastolic Pressure | show 🗑
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| show | "Pacemaker” that initiates depolarization in atria STARTING electrical signal. (1)
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| AV Node | show 🗑
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| Bundle Branches | show 🗑
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| show | Fibers spread electrical signal throughout ventricles to trigger contraction (4)
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| PNS | show 🗑
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| SNS | show 🗑
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| show | Nerve is stimulated, decreasing intrinsic rate.
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| ANS HR control during EXERCISE & PNS | show 🗑
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| show | Increase in HR due to increased nerve stimulation
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| show | Contractility and Preload
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| Contractility | show 🗑
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| show | Increased rate of depolarization by nor/epinephrine from calcium in myocardial cell
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| show | Volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole using MUSCLE-LENGTH Effect.
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| show | Increased stretching in sarcomeres
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| show | Increase in ventricular filling causes sarcomeres to stretch creating a more forceful contraction to eject more blood per beat.
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| Exercise impact on Venous Return | show 🗑
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| show | Vessel Radius (Constriction; increased BP & decreased SV)
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| show | Causes for increase in SV due to vasodilation from skeletal muscle. (NOT vasoconstriction!)
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| show | Due to higher cardiac output, better oxygen difference and improved blood flow redistribution.
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| Exercise & Cardiac Output (Q) | show 🗑
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| Exercise & Heart Rate (HR) | show 🗑
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| Exercise & Stroke Volume (SV): | show 🗑
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| show | Increases PROPORTIONALLY with intensity from greater cardiac output
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| Exercise & MAP/a-vO2 Difference | show 🗑
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| show | Gradual increase in heart rate.
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| show | Reflects amount of oxygen extracted by tissues; hence NOT all oxygen is delivered to tissues.
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| show | Muscle extract MORE oxygen from blood producing energy to meet increased demands.
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| Adaptations that increase VO2max during exercise | show 🗑
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| Factor Increasing Delivery (Q) | show 🗑
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| Early Phase Training Primary Adaptations | show 🗑
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| show | Metabolic Adaptations/Muscle Hypertrophy improves cardiovascular system and enhances energy systems.
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| show | 50% of range is due to mitochondrial DNA.
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| Function of the Pulmonary Respiratory system | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanical process of moving air in/out of lungs
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| Diffusion | show 🗑
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| Conducting Zone | show 🗑
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| Respiratory Zone | show 🗑
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| show | ~300 million!
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| Diaphragm use for Ventilation | show 🗑
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| Active (Inspiration) Ventilation Phase | show 🗑
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| Passive (Expiration) Ventilation Phase | show 🗑
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| show | Airflow = (P1 – P2) / Resistance
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| Tidal Volume | show 🗑
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| Average Tidal Volume | show 🗑
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| Alveolar ventilation (VA) | show 🗑
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| show | Not all air passing the lips reaches respiratory zones and remains in Conducting Zone. (0.15 L) Inflammation = increase
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| Diffusion Movement | show 🗑
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| Fick’s Law of Diffusion | show 🗑
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| show | Tissue area/thickness, Diffusion coefficient of gas, Difference in partial pressure.
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| show | Moves gases in/out of lungs using diffusion.
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| Partial Pressure & Oxygen Movement | show 🗑
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| Partial Pressure & Carbon Dioxide Movement | show 🗑
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| Oxygen Transport in Blood | show 🗑
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| Carbon Dioxide Transport in Blood | show 🗑
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| Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve | show 🗑
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| Higher Temperature & Lower pH | show 🗑
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| Lower Temperature & Higher pH | show 🗑
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| Myoglobin | show 🗑
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| show | Myoglobin
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| Respiratory Control Center: | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary Ventilation at REST | show 🗑
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| Pulmonary Ventilation during EXERCISE | show 🗑
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| show | Located in medulla oblongata and stimulated by partial pressure of CO2. Detects changes in blood CO2 and pH. Increases pH with ventilation.
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| Peripheral Chemoreceptors | show 🗑
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| show | Detects oxygen levels and triggers increase in ventilation with O2 drop.
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| show | Detects CO2 and pH levels primary during metabolic acidosis or increased CO2 production.
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| show | Transition point where ventilation starts to increase more rapidly than VO2 due to onset of anaerobic metabolism
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| show | Improves Ventilatory Efficiency and Enhances Pulmonary Function with Increase in Respiratory Muscular Endurance.
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