Pain Management, Rest, and Restorative Sleep
Help!
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| show | a warning sign indicating that actual damage or potential damage exists
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| Pain can make it difficult to: | show 🗑
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| Holitically | show 🗑
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| Gate Control Theory | show 🗑
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| show | stress
anxiety
exercise
heat
cold
massage
and TENS units (transmit little shock waves to release pain)
thoughts and emotions
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| TENs | show 🗑
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| show | natural body chemicals produced by the brain in response to pleasant thoughts or feelings, exercise, laughter, sex, and massage
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| show | pain that comes suddenly and has a short duration (less than 6 months)
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| Chronic pain | show 🗑
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| show | Pain that comes and goes at intervals
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| Intractable pain | show 🗑
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| Referred pain | show 🗑
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| show | pain that begins at a specific site and shoots out from or extends to a larger area beyond the site of origin
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| show | damage to the nerve itself.
pain is localized within a specific area from which the receptors send impulses to the CNS via afferent nerve pathways
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| show | Pain receptors
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| What chemicals, released during injury and damage to the tissue, can stimulate the nerve pain receptors | show 🗑
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| Substance P | show 🗑
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| Prostaglandins | show 🗑
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| show | pain that is more superficial or pertaining to the skins surface
ex. Papercut
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| show | (soft tissue pain) pain experienced from stimulation of deep internal pain receptors
ex. skin, muscle, organ surgery ( your insides hurt)
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| show | (osteogenic pain) bone, ligament, tendon, and blood vessel pain. More with pain with movement
ex. bone cancer, fractures
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| Neuropathic pain | show 🗑
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| show | pain coming from extremities that have been amputated
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| show | -Ethnic and cultural beliefs
-Developmental stage
-Individual values
-Previous pain experience
-Personal support system
-Emotions
-Fatigue
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| show | medications that help reduce inflammation and block the production of prostaglandins, thus reducing the pain
ex. Ibuprofen, aspirin
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| show | nociceptive pain is pain due to normal tissue injury, while neuropathic pain is pain due to damaged nerves
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| show | Recent onset
Diminishes with healing
Fight/flight response:
Heart rate increases
Respirations increase
Systolic blood pressure increases
Pupils dilate
As it worsens:
Diaphoresis
Blood pressure drops
Syncope
Pupils constrict
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| show | Wincing or facial grimacing
Moaning or crying
Restlessness, such as nervous finger tapping or foot bouncing
Rigid body posture
Slow movement
Holding or guarding the area
Worsens during anxiety/fear
Rocking or pacing
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| show | Reduced attention span
Focused only on pain
Anger
Fear or anxiety
Irritability
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| Physiological Signs of Chronic Pain | show 🗑
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| Behavioral Signs of Chronic Pain | show 🗑
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| show | Low self-esteem
Depression
Fatigue
Anger
Irritability
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| show | - Level or extent of pain
-Site of Pain
-Characteristics of Pain
-Acute or Chronic
-What elicits the pain
-Patient's desires in relation to the pain
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| What is the first step in assisting your patient to obtain maximum pain relief? | show 🗑
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| Nonpharmaceutical Methods for Pain Relief | show 🗑
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| show | When the patient has lower levels of discomfort nd wants to avoid use of medication
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| Adjuvant | show 🗑
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| show | the repetitive gentle, gliding stroking of your fingertips over the surface of the skin
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| show | a systematic process of using the mind to actually relax the patients muscles from the top of the head to the toes
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| Guided Imagery | show 🗑
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| show | watching TV or reading a ook
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| Auditory Distraction | show 🗑
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| show | distraction through touch
ex. back massage, hug
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| show | conversing with another individual, doing a sudoku, crossword or other type of puzzle
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| show | Nonopioid analgesics
NSAIDs
Opiate/opioid Analgesics
Adjuvant Analgesics
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| Nonopioid Analgesics | show 🗑
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| Opiate/ Opioid Analgesics | show 🗑
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| Adjuvant Analgesics | show 🗑
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| Circadian Rhythm | show 🗑
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| REM Sleep | show 🗑
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| Non REM sleep | show 🗑
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| Stage 1 NREM sleep | show 🗑
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| show | Relaxation deepens
Individual begins to experience sound sleep
Arousal relatively easy
Lasts 10-20 Minutes
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| Stage 3 NREM sleep | show 🗑
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| show | Very difficult to arouse person
deepest sleep
last 15-30 minutes
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| How much sleep does a newborn acquire? | show 🗑
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| show | 10 hours a days
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| show | 7.5-8 hours a per night
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| How much sleep does older adults acquire? | show 🗑
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| show | - lifestyle
- stress and anxiety
- environment
- illness and health problems
- sleep disorders
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| What does restorative sleep allow? | show 🗑
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| What happens when one doesn't get restorative sleep? | show 🗑
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| show | -Prepare the environment
-Comfort
-Relaxation
-Pain relief
-Sleep Medications
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| show | damage to the liver caused by exposure to harmful substances, such as medications, toxins, or chemicals.
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| Antiplatelet | show 🗑
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| show | Cutaneous
Visceral
Deep somatic
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| What kind of pain do Opiate/Opioids relieve? | show 🗑
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| show | A drug or other substance that is tightly controlled by the government because it may be abused or cause addiction
ex. Percocet, dilaudid, Norco, codeine
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| show | Drugs that are administered, within preset boundaries, by the patient, who controls the frequency and administration of their pain medication. Patient presses button for administration
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| show | A loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose
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| Restorative sleep | show 🗑
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| Resting | show 🗑
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| Bruxism | show 🗑
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| show | chronic inability to fall asleep or stay asleep
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| narcolepsy | show 🗑
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| show | nightmares in children that cause awakening and fear
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| restless leg syndrome | show 🗑
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| sleep apnea | show 🗑
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| show | sleep walking
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| show | confusion and disorientation in older adults that occurs in the evening hours
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| Classes of medication that either produce pain relief from a mechanism different from traditional analgesics or by potentiating or increasing the effects of opiates, opioids, and non-opioid drugs are known as what? | show 🗑
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| Types of nociceptive pain | show 🗑
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| show | The patient
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| show | 4000 mg per 24 hours
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