Fluid and Electrolytes
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| normal sodium | show 🗑
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| normal potassium | show 🗑
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| show | 7-20 mg/dl
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| normal hematocrit | show 🗑
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| show | 1.002-1.030
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| normal glucose | show 🗑
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| normal osmolality | show 🗑
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| FVD classic sign | show 🗑
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| show | hypotension
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| show | decreased temp, blood shunted to central area
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| FVD, respiratory | show 🗑
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| show | severe, generalized third spacing
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| most common site, 3rd spacing | show 🗑
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| primary mediator of fluids | show 🗑
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| show | stage where fluid moves from one space to another
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| 3rd spacing | show 🗑
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| show | normal to high (hemoconcentration)
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| FVD potassium | show 🗑
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| show | high (hemoconcentration); in children may be low but not pathologic
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| FVD glucose | show 🗑
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| FVD urine specific gravity | show 🗑
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| show | >300, more particles ↑ number of particles, concentration
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| show | full bounding pulses, hypertension, increased CVP, neck vein distension, CHF
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| cerebral edema | show 🗑
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| pulmonary edema | show 🗑
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| show | weight gain, nonpitting interstitial edema, hepatomegaly/splenomegaly
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| FVE first sign seen | show 🗑
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| show | sign of FVE but not seen in kids, make sure know baseline for adults
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| show | prevent cerebral edema
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| >>> causes of FVE (10) | show 🗑
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| show | excessive hypertonic fluids, binge drinking contest, psych disorders, drowning in fresh water, inappropriate dialysis
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| show | normal to high (potassium shift out of cells, rasing levels)
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| show | very low, <125
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| FVE, BUN | show 🗑
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| show | low, <1.005
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| show | normal to high (stress response, >120)
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| decreased sodium and potassium signs | show 🗑
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| increased sodium and potassium signs | show 🗑
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| acid | show 🗑
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| base | show 🗑
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| show | prevent major acid-base changes; carbonic acid-bicarbonate, protien, and phosphate buffer system
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| show | measured as CO2
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| show | bicarb: carbonic acid = 20:1
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| show | primary system, 50% of activity, to maintain balance l/t have to also use protein and phosphate buffer systems, 1-2 hours to kick in, bicarb is the major ECF buffer
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| alkaline environment | show 🗑
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| show | carbonic acid compensates and dissociates into CO2 and H20, CO2 exhaled by lungs, system activates rapidly but exhausted quickly
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| respiratory buffer system, breathing changes | show 🗑
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| renal buffer system: time and effectiveness | show 🗑
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| renal buffering system, bicarbonate | show 🗑
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| compensation | show 🗑
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| primary metabolic disturbance | show 🗑
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| acute primary respiratory disturbance | show 🗑
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| complete compensation | show 🗑
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| partial compensation | show 🗑
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| show | *negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration in mEq/L (as H+ ion concentration increases, pH decreases)
*normal values 7.35 -7.45 (less is acidotic, more is alkalotic)
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| HCO3- (bicarb) | show 🗑
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| show | indicates the amount of bicarb available in the ECF
normal value: +/- 2 mEq/L
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| show | *Concentration of anions (HCO3- , Cl-, protein, phosphate, & sulfates) and cations (Na+, K+, MG++, & Ca++)
*10-12 mEq/L normal
*increased in metabolic acidosis (but can be normal)
*calculated by Na - Cl + bicarb
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| show | the percent of Hb saturated with O2, a calculated value (indirect measurement), calculated with pH and PaO2 (combination of O2 sat, PaO2, and Hb), indicates tissue oxygenation
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| PaO2 | show 🗑
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| the lower teh PaO2 pressure, the .... | show 🗑
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| dramatic drops in PaO2 | show 🗑
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| show | 75-100 mmHg (for every year above 60 drop 1mmHg)
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| PaCO2 | show 🗑
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| show | correct cause, rebreathe CO2 as needed, alter ventilation rate, sedatives (for anxiety)
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| respiratory alkalosis assessment (7) | show 🗑
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| show | tachycardia, palpitations, increased myocardial irritability
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| show | rapid shallow breathing (trying to retain CO2, oxygenate), chest tightness
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| show | paresthesia, dizzyness, confusion, tetany, convulsion, numb/tingling, light headed, anxiety/panic, Loss of consciousness, hyperactive reflexes
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| respiratory alkalosis causes (4) | show 🗑
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| respiratory alkalosis: labs | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis management (7) | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis assessment (8) | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis cardiac signs | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis respiratory signs | show 🗑
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| show | HA, seizures, altered LOC, papilledema, twitching/tremors, drowsy --> coma
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| respiratory acidosis causes (4) | show 🗑
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| respiratory acidosis: labs | show 🗑
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| metabolic alkalosis mgmnt (3) | show 🗑
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| show | VS, ABGs, RR/depth, LOC, I&O, ECG
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| show | n/v, anorexia, paralitic ileus (hypokalemia)
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| metabolic alkalosis CNS signs (10) | show 🗑
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| show | hypoventilation, respiratory failure
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| met alkalosis CV signs (5) | show 🗑
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| show | vomiting, NG suctioning, eating bicarb-based antacids, diuretics
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| show | increased pH, increased BE, increased bicarb, decreased anion gap (low K and Na)
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| met acidosis mgmnt (6) | show 🗑
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| show | used to treat metabolic acidosis (ketoacidosis), forces potassium back into cells
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| show | if severe, sodium bicarb if pH<7.20, salts of organic acid (lactate, citrate), tromethamine THAM
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| met acidosis assessment (7) | show 🗑
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| show | dramatic affects: hypotension, dysrhythmias, peripheral vasodilation, warm flushed skin (from dilation, leaking of capillaries)
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| show | Kussmaul/deep/rapid respirations, trying to blow off CO2
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| metabolic acidosis CNS signs (6) | show 🗑
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| metabolic acidosis GI signs (3) | show 🗑
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| causes of metabolic acidosis | show 🗑
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| metabolic acidosis: labs | show 🗑
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Created by:
Rhondad13
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