Cardio I Med Surg
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| medication class that inhibits platelet activation, adhesion or pro-coagulant activity. Used for tx of CAD | antiplatelets
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| med class that relaxes smooth muscle in blood vessel walls, produces vasodilation, reduces O2 consumption of myocardium, preload/afterload reduction. Used for tx of CAD | nitrates
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| med class that prevents movement of extracellular calcium into cell. dilates peripheral arteries, decreases myocardial contractility, depressed conduction system. decreases workload of <3 | calcium channel blockers
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| med class - causes decrease in HR, B/P, cardiac output, supresses renin activity, decrease myocardial contractility and O2 demand | beta blockers
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| amount of blood pumped/ejected from ventricle in 1 minute | cardiac output
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| amount of blood pumped out of heart each minute | stroke volume
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| formula for cardiac output | stroke volume x heart rate = CO
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| cardiac enzyme that measures for myocardial muscle injury and timing of infarction | CPK-MB Creatine Phosphokinase
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| CPK-MB enzyme levels | elevated 4-6 hours after infarction, 12-24 peak elevation, 48-72 hours returns to normal
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| cardiac enzyme test - elevated 8-12 hours after infarction, peaks 3-4 days, returns to normal 10-14 days, useful if dx and tx delayed | LDH (lactic dehydrogenase)
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| progressive disease leading to narrowing/occlusion of coronary arteries | CAD coronary artery disease
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| protein only found in cardiac cells, highly sensitive indicator of myocardial damage | Troponin
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| Troponin levels | levels rise 3-6 hours from onset of sx, peak in 24 hours, remain in system up to 2 wks
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| "fab four" meds for tx of unstable angina | antiplatelets, statins, ACEIs, beta blockers
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| occurs when new branches grow from existing arteries to provide increased blood flow to damaged myocardial tissue | collateral circulation
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| percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | baloon tip catheter is placed thru a peripheral artery into occluded coronary artery, balloon then inflated to compress atherosclerotic plaque and dilate artery
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| coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) | pts own vein/artery used to bypass occluded vessels. internal mammary artery or saphenous veins used for bypass
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| type of angina caused by coronary artery spasms | variant (Prinzmetal's) angina
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| type of med that blocks production of angiotension II, a vasoconstrictor, reduces peripheral arterial resistance and lowers BP | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
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| how do statins lower cholesterol levels | reducing cholesterol production in liver
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| ischemia | inadequate blood supply
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| myocardial infarction | obstruction of coronary artery or one of its branches
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| collateral circulation | occurs when new branches grow from existing arteries to provide increased blood flow after MI
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| test that determines effectiveness of heparin | PTT
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| test that determines effectiveness of coumadin | INR
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| which side of heart usually fails first | left
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| cor pulmonale | right ventricle fails b/c of increased pulmonary pressures, enlargement of R side of heart
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| side of heart failure that causes pulmonary edema (right or left) | left sided HF
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| side of heart failure that causes jugular vein distention, peripheral edema, ascites | right sided HF
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| classic symptom of pulmonary edema | pink, frothy sputum
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