Modalities, IER NPTE, Physical therapy
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| show | -heated by water 165-170 degrees
-6-8 layers of towels between hotpack and skin
-20-30min
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| show | -wax melts b/w 118-130 F and is self sterilizing
-treatment temp: 125-127 F
-time: 15-20 min
dip 6-8 times
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| Contrast bath | show 🗑
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| Hydrotherapy (whirlpool) | show 🗑
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| What are some types of cryotherapy | show 🗑
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| show | -high frequency .8-3.0MHZ
-3MHZ=superficial
-1MHZ=deep
-lower intensities and pulsed US are used for acute conditions or thin tissue
-higher intensities and continuous US may be used for chronic conditions or thick tissue
-if tissue is high in fat or
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| Phonophoresis | show 🗑
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| show | -cervical-20-30 pounds to cause distraction of vertebral bodies
-lumbar-25-65 pounds to effect change at the spinal segments
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| Neck positions for cervical traction | show 🗑
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| Lumbar positions for lumbar traction | show 🗑
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| show | -settings are determined by blood pressure
-must be worn for at least 2 hours per day
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| show | -motion arc, position of arc and rate of motion can be controlled/changed
-CPM should be discontinued if increases in pain, edema, or inflammation are noted
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| Tilt table | show 🗑
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| Iontophoresis | show 🗑
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| show | -cathode-negatice pole- is used for salicylate (pain relief), acetate (calcium deposits), dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory), and iodine (softens scars)
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| show | -anode- positive pole- is used for hydrocortisone (anti-inflammation), Lidocaine (pain relief), magnesium or calcium (muscle spasm), lithium (gout), zinc (dermal ulcers), and copper (fungal infections)
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| show | -impulses stimulating the large A-fiber afferents can act to block pain impulse (gate control theory)
-current may be a symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic (AC) waveform or a monophasic (DC) waveform
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| Conventional (high rate)TENS | show 🗑
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| show | -low frequency (1-4 pps)
-wide pulse width (150-300 microseconds)
-higher intensities than conventional
-chronic conditions with longer lasting pain relief
-treatment time 30-40 minutes
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| show | -high pulse rate (150pps)
-long pulse width (300 microseconds)
-rapid onset, short term pain relief
-pain relief for painful procedures such as wound debridement, deep friction massage or passive stretching
-treatment time 15 minutes
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| show | -combines both high and low rate TENS
-stimulation of endogenous opiates but the current is more tolerable to patient than low rate TENS
-onset of analgesia is similar to low rate TENS
-treatment time 20-30 minutes
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| Modulation Mode TENS | show 🗑
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| High Voltage Pulsed Monophasic Stimulation | show 🗑
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| show | -high frequency (2500HZ)- which is modulated to 70pps for comfort
-used for strengthening of normal muscle by assisting with the muscle contraction during volitional activities such as isometric exercises and short arc joint movements
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| show | -characterized by the crossing of two sinusodial waves having similar amplitudes but different carrier frequencies
-the waves interfere with one another to generate an amplitude modulated beat frequency
-used for pain relief and muscle strengthening
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| show | -can use alternating current (AC at 80-100HZ) to stimulate an innervated muscle for general stimulation or direct current that is interrupted with a long pulse width for a denervated muscle
-also called neuromuscular electrical stimulation NMES
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| What is the duty cycle and atrophy ratios for FES/NMES | show 🗑
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| When should you use FES/NMES | show 🗑
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| show | -if the skin is sensitive or the patient senses burning
-use larger electrodes
-reduce intensity or increase pulse width
AC is better tolerated than DC
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| Biofeedback EMG | show 🗑
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| Chronaximetry | show 🗑
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| Nerve Conduction Velocity TEST | show 🗑
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