Identifications chp8
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| Walden Pond | lake named after Henry David Thoreau containing his possessions formed after glaciers; Before it burned down, there was once an amusement park at the far end
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| Horace Mann | father of education; believed women were equal to men; opened educational opportunities for everybody
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| Evangelism | preaching the word of God spreading it everywhere and anywhere you can to others in a different way
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| Emancipation | the freeing of slaves with no payment to slave holders
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| The Liberator | Garrison's anti slavery newspaper that delivered the message of immediate emancipation
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| Lucretia Mott | Quaker abolitionist; vowed “to hold a convention as soon as we returned home, and form a society to advocate the rights of women.” headed the first women’s rights convention with Stanton at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848.
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| Unitarianism | system of belief that emphasized reason and appeals to conscience as the paths to perfection; believed conversion was a gradual process; agreed with revivalists that individual and social reform were both possible and important
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| Romanticism | An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century; quality or spirit in thought, expression, or action.
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| Shakers | particular religious group that believe in different views, found in Pennsylvania
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| Antebellum | Pre-civil war
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| Ralph Waldo Emerson | New England writer, led a group practicing transcendentalism, mid 1800s
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| Utopia | perfect place; doesn't last more than a few years
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| Temperance Movement | the effort to prohibit the drinking of alcohol, another offshoot of the influence of churches and the women’s rights movement
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| Seneca Falls Convention | held in 1848 to argue for womens rights organized by Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott
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| Nat Turner's Rebellion | band attacked 4 plantations & killed white inhabitants before being captured by troops; he hid but was captured, tried, and hanged. In the end, whites killed as many as 200 many innocent blacks;
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| Slave Codes | many slave owners pushed their state legislatures to further tighten controls on African Americans
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| Frederick Douglas | former slave; After a disagreement with his owner, Douglass decided to escape. Borrowed the identity of a free black sailor carrying official papers, he reached New York and reached freedom. 1847 began his own antislavery newspaper, "The North Star"
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| Susan B. Anthony | speaker; woman's rights advocate; Founded the National Woman's Suffrage Association with Stanton in 1869; face is on the silver dollar; Wrote the 19th Amendment and published "The Revolution"
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| Prudence Crandall | White Quaker; school teacher, woman's rights activist; opened a school for only girls in Canterbury, Connecticut. admitted an African-American girl, but the townspeople protested so Crandall let only African-American students attend her school.
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| National Trade's Union | journeymen’s organizations from six industries formed this largest union, which lasted until 1837; movement to standardize wages and working conditions
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| Henry David Thoreau | Emerson’s friend Henry David Thoreau put the idea of self-reliance into practice; He urged people not to obey laws they considered unjust. Instead of protesting with violence, they should practice civil disobedience
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| Abolitionism | movement and system to end slavery to achieve immediate emancipation
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| 2nd Great Awakening | religious, spiritual movement that swept across the United States after 1800; relied on emotional sermons in meetings.
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| Racism | hatred of one person by another and the belief that another person is less than the other based on color of skin, ethnicity, culture, etc.
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| Lowell System | a plan to address all the needs and essentials of the former female workers on the farms
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| Suffrage | right to vote
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| Revivalism | system where it was an emotional meeting designed to awaken religious faith through impassioned preaching and prayer. A revival might last 4 or 5 days.
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| Dorothea Dix | woman who founded the Catholic Worker's movement and housed the mentally ill; Dix persuaded nine Southern states to set up public hospitals for the mentally ill; emphasized the idea of rehabilitation, believing there was hope for everyone
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| Utopian Socialism | experimental groups who tried to create a perfect place. These communities shared common goals such as self-sufficiency. Two of the best known communities were in Indiana, and Boston.
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| Gag rule | limiting or preventing debate on an issue—which meant that citizens submitting petitions were deprived of their right to have them heard; adopted by the Southern representatives
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| Transcendentalism | philosophical and literary movement that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal emotion and imagination; spawned a literary movement that stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self reliance
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| Compulsory School Attendance Law- | requirement that made it mandatory that the child did not have to attend school to gain an education to help them work, at a certain age, it is the child's decision once they get older
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| William Garrison | white abolitionist who wrote "The Liberator" to pass on the message of emancipation to end slavery
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| Great Irish Potato Famine | disease in the potato; made the Irish population double; Irish and Germans immigrated to the United States creating many more needs for the U.S to satisfy
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| Cult of Domesticity | tradition that held that housework and child care were considered the only proper activities for married women
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