Definitions
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| Fistula | An abnormal passage that leads from an abscess or hollow organ (or body surface) to another hollow organ, that may be created to permit passage of fluids, or secretions.
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| Sinus Tract | A course or pathway which can extend in any direction from the wound base; results in dead space with potential for abscess formation
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| Ascites | Abnormal collection of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity.
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| Esophagoscope | An optional instrument for examing the inside of the esophagus.
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| Viscosity | Resistance of liquid to shear force.
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| Peritoneum | Membrane in the abdominal cavity that ines most viscera.
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| Omentum | A fold of peritoneum that supports the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach.
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| Volvulus | Twisting of a loop of intestine, creating an obstruction.
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| Bolus | A concentrated mass of pharmaceutical prep (contrast).
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| Hiatal Hernia | Portion of the stomach (or distal esophagus) herniates through the diaphragmatic opening.
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| Valsalva Maneuver | Patient takes a deep breath in; while holding their breath, patient is asked to bear down as if moving their bowels.
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| Esophageal Varices | Dilation of the veins in the distal esophagus. Veins become engorged with blood & may bleed. Seen in liver disease, cirrhosis.
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| Anastomosis | A natural, or surgical joining of parts, or tubular structures, so as to make them continuous.
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| Gastro-Enterostomy | Surgical creation of connection between the stomach & jejunum
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| Colostomy | A surgical opening from the colon to the surface of the body
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| Ileostomy | A surgical opening from the ileum to the surface of the body.
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| Melena | Abnormally dark, tarry feces containing blood.
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| Defecation | Elimination of fecal waste through the anus
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| Anorexia | an eating disorder, by starving oneself
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| Hematemesis | Vomiting blood
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| Diverticulitis | Inflammation of diverticula in the GI tract. The diverticula are pouch-like herniations of the mucosal wall.
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| Diverticulosis | Presence of multiple diverticula in walls of the colon.
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| Colitis | Inflammation of the colon
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum
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| Intussusception | Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop, creating an obstruction
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| Megacolon | An abnormal enlargement of the colon
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| Bezoar | A mass of undigested material found trapped in the GI system (generally the stomach.
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| Tracheoesophageal Atresia (TEA) | Failure of the esophagus to form a continuous passage from the pharynx to the larynx.
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| Imperforate Anus | A congenital defect of the anus; a partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening
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| Hirschsprung's Disease | A congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate, so feces accumulate & cause megacolon.
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| Meconium | Thick dark green mucoid material that is the 1st feces of a newborn.
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| Situs Inversus | A congenital condition in which major visceral organs are reversed from normal positions (right to left).
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| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | Enlargement of muscle surrounding the opening of the pyloric sphincter, with narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the small intestine.
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| Intestinal Atresia | Narrowing, or absence of a portion of the small, or large intestine.
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