neurophysiology, central nervous system, autonomic nervous system
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| graded potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Na+, Ca2+
resting membrane potential becomes less negative, results in Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potential (EPSP) that can produce an action potential if threshold is reached
🗑
|
||||
| hyperpolarizing ions | show 🗑
|
||||
| EPSP | show 🗑
|
||||
| IPSP | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | what needs to be reached in order for an action potential to be generated as a result of graded potentials; for human cells, the RMP is -70, average threshold is -55.
🗑
|
||||
| summation of graded potentials | show 🗑
|
||||
| spatial summation | show 🗑
|
||||
| temporal summation | show 🗑
|
||||
| subthreshold graded potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| suprathreshold graded potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | long-distance communication; initiated at the axon hillock if threshold is reached by activating voltage-gated channels; do not vary in magnitude or duration; do not degrade over distance; frequency determines strength
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. depolarization phase
2. repolarization phase
3. hyperpolarization phase
🗑
|
||||
| show | voltage-gated Na+ channel is activated; phase ends when the inactivation gate closes
🗑
|
||||
| repolarization phase of an action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| hyperpolarization phase of an action potential | show 🗑
|
||||
| resting voltage gate | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | both activation gate and inactivation gate are open
🗑
|
||||
| show | activation gate is open, inactivation gate is closed
🗑
|
||||
| show | time at which a neuron cannot be triggered because channels are already open or inactive
🗑
|
||||
| show | impossible to produce another action potential
🗑
|
||||
| show | possible to produce another action potential, but only with a stronger than normal stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| show | point at which the action potential is initiated; where the first voltage-gated channels are located
🗑
|
||||
| show | determined by axon diameter and myelination of the axon; larger diameter -> faster travel; myelinated axons -> faster travel; action potentials can travel as fas as 120 m/s in a large, myelinated axon
🗑
|
||||
| saltatory conduction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | affects oligodendricytes of the CNS; degradation of myelin sheath results in action potential not being able to travel entire length of the axon
🗑
|
||||
| show | affects Schwann cells in the PNS; body attacks myelin sheaths and signal is weaker through axon
🗑
|
||||
| myelin | show 🗑
|
||||
| factors that affect neuronal signaling | show 🗑
|
||||
| hypernatremia | show 🗑
|
||||
| hyponatremia | show 🗑
|
||||
| hyperkalemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| hypokalemia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | junction between two neurons, where communication between neurons occurs
🗑
|
||||
| electrical synapse | show 🗑
|
||||
| chemical synapse | show 🗑
|
||||
| termination of neurotransmission | show 🗑
|
||||
| acetylcholine | show 🗑
|
||||
| SSRI | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | enzyme that disables acetylcholine
🗑
|
||||
| reuptake | show 🗑
|
||||
| brain stem | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, blood vessel dilation/diameter
🗑
|
||||
| show | controls sleep/wake cycles, respiration
🗑
|
||||
| show | plays a role in cranial nerve function, especially visual and auditory
🗑
|
||||
| cerebellum | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
🗑
|
||||
| show | sensory relay center
🗑
|
||||
| show | endocrine regulation; controls pituitary gland; responsible for many ANS functions
🗑
|
||||
| show | controls voluntary actions; contains primary sensory and motor areas; divided into left and right hemispheres
🗑
|
||||
| hyperexcitable neuron | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula (inside the brain, no cranial bone associated with it)
🗑
|
||||
| show | located in different lobes of the brain, each area has a specific task - ie, vision, hearing, motor function, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| associative areas | show 🗑
|
||||
| corpus callosum | show 🗑
|
||||
| gray matter | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sulci and fissures of the surface of the cerebrum
🗑
|
||||
| show | collections of gray matter that are located deep in the brain
🗑
|
||||
| show | tracts, commissures, columns
🗑
|
||||
| show | skull; protects the brain
🗑
|
||||
| show | dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
🗑
|
||||
| cerebrospinal fluid | show 🗑
|
||||
| blood brain barrier | show 🗑
|
||||
| choroid plexus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | fluid filled spaces in the brain; 2 lateral ventricles, third ventricle, fourth ventricle
🗑
|
||||
| gray matter areas of the spinal cord | show 🗑
|
||||
| white matter areas of the spinal cord | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | nerves that carry sensory (dorsal root) or motor information (ventral root) to and from the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal horn | show 🗑
|
||||
| ventral horn | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | gray matter are of the spinal cord; contains autonomic system neurons
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal column | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | white matter area of the spinal cord, carries motor information from the brain to the effectors
🗑
|
||||
| show | white matter area of the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| collateral | show 🗑
|
||||
| polysynaptic reflex arc | show 🗑
|
||||
| monosynaptic reflex arc | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | type of spinal cord damage that results in spastic paralysis, hypereflexia, positive Babinski test
🗑
|
||||
| show | type of spinal cord damage that results in flaccid paralysis, areflexia, muscle atrophy
🗑
|
||||
| higher order functions for motor control | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. outputs - feeling, emotional responses
2. motivation - dopaminergic rewards
🗑
|
||||
| limbic system | show 🗑
|
||||
| dopamine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | active process required by all mammals; most neurons that control sleep and wake cycle are located in the pons and midbrain; sleep is restorative and may help bolster the immune system and memory function
🗑
|
||||
| show | neurotransmitter that makes you wakeful
🗑
|
||||
| antihistamine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Stages 1-4, low amplitude, low frequency waves; stage 4 is deepest, happens about 2 times each night
🗑
|
||||
| show | high frequency, low amplitude waves; stage of sleep at which dreams occur; average 4 REM periods each night; resembles brain activity when awake
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. conscious - somatic senses, special senses
2. subconscious - proprioception, visceral sensations
🗑
|
||||
| show | conscious sensations - somatic, special senses
unconscious sensations - proprioception, visceral sensations
🗑
|
||||
| show | vision, hearing, smell, taste
🗑
|
||||
| sensory receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | detect light; anaxonic (no axon); constantly releasing neurotransmitters
🗑
|
||||
| mechanoreceptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | respond to taste, odor, oxygen, carbon dioxide, changes in pH level of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| thermoreceptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| nociceptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| sensory transduction | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decrease over time in the magnitude of the receptor potential when there is a constant stimulus;
🗑
|
||||
| show | physical location of sensory receptors; more receptors in an area results in greater sensitivity; larger fields have lower sensitivity than smaller fields; fingertips and lips are most sensitive
🗑
|
||||
| sensory integration | show 🗑
|
||||
| CNS role in sensation | show 🗑
|
||||
| tonic receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | adapt rapidly to constant stimulus
🗑
|
||||
| show | allows for dedicated, separate pathways for different sensations that do not share neurons
🗑
|
||||
| lateral inhibition | show 🗑
|
||||
| nociception | show 🗑
|
||||
| noxious stimuli | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | loss or gain of sensation; can be either loss of sensation or gain in sensation (neuropathic pain)
🗑
|
||||
| Adelta fibers | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | slower transmitting, small diameter, unmyelinated axons; tonic; result in more delayed and persistent pain sensation or inflammatory response
🗑
|
||||
| pain response | show 🗑
|
||||
| pain perception | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pain
🗑
|
||||
| show | increase in pain, overactive pain system (ex - shirt on sunburned skin)
🗑
|
||||
| show | decrease in pain; can be due to natural pain suppression from periaqueductal gray, reticular formation and inhibitory interneurons or can be from a pharmaceutical analgesic
🗑
|
||||
| preiaqueductal gray | show 🗑
|
||||
| reticular formation | show 🗑
|
||||
| referred pain | show 🗑
|
||||
| somatic motor neurons | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | neurons associated with the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and Parasympathetic Nervous System (pSNS)
🗑
|
||||
| Sympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
|
||||
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Parasympathetic Nervous System; neurons are located in the brain stem and sacral region of the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| show | Sympathetic Nervous System; neurons are located in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic reflexes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | collection of cell bodies outside the CNS where information is transferred
🗑
|
||||
| preganglionic | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cell body is located outside the CNS in a ganglion
🗑
|
||||
| show | cell that responds to a signal from a neuron; ganglion is located near the target in the pSNS, far from the target in the SNS
🗑
|
||||
| autonomic spinal reflexes | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | all under tonic control at rest; blood vessel dilation/constriction, sweat glands, liver/adipose tissue; penile erection and ejaculation is coordinated by both systems, but not antagonistic
🗑
|
||||
| neurotransmitters of SNS | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pre-ganglionic: Acetlycholine
post-ganglionic: Acetlycholine
🗑
|
||||
| show | smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, exocrine glands, some endocrine glands, lymphoid tissue, adipose tissue
🗑
|
||||
| norepinephrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | receptors that bind to epinephrine and norepinephrine; two types: alpha and beta
🗑
|
||||
| alpha receptors | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | type of adrenergic receptor (epinephrine or norepinephrine); not broadly distributed in the body; beta1 - heart, beta2 - respiratory system, bronchioles, beta3 - adipose tissue
🗑
|
||||
| show | albuterol, isoproterenol
🗑
|
||||
| show | propranolol, metropolol
🗑
|
||||
| adrenal gland | show 🗑
|
||||
| epinephrine | show 🗑
|
||||
| muscarinic receptor | show 🗑
|
||||
| variscosities | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | a hyperpolarized neuron that will require more than normal change to the resting membrane potential to reach threshold; due to hyponatremia nad hypokalemia
🗑
|
||||
| nicotinic receptor | show 🗑
|
||||
| examples of pharmacological substance that acts as an antagonist for a muscarinic cholinergic receptor | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
pinklrt98
Popular Physiology sets