Neonates Posttest chapter 1-10 review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| At what stage of embryologic development does the ovum enter the uterus? | show 🗑
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| show | endoderm
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| The earliest development of the lung begins at: | show 🗑
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| Dichotomy of the airways occurs during which phase of lung development? | show 🗑
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| What best describes surface tension? | show 🗑
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| What is found in the amniotic fluid that is the best indicator of fetal lung maturity? | show 🗑
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| What does not appear to accelerate fetal lung maturation? | show 🗑
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| Lung fluid characteristics of a fetus… | show 🗑
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| What may occur following Cesarean section? | show 🗑
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| The heart develops from which germ layer(s)? | show 🗑
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| The embryologic truncus arteriosus develops into: | show 🗑
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| show | From the right atrium to left atrium
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| The ductus arteriosus shunts blood from: | show 🗑
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| show | stretch receptors
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| show | Chorionic villi
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| Identify the umbilical vein(s): | show 🗑
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| show | An excessive amount of amniotic fluid
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| show | Hydrocephalus. Esophageal atresia, Down syndrome, Cleft palate
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| show | Transvaginal ultrasound
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| What cannot be detected by ultrasound? | show 🗑
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| show | Position of the fetus, Position of the placenta, Volume of amniotic fluid
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| show | Neural tube defect (Low AFP indicates Down syndrome)
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| What test done on amniotic fluid is used to help determine fetal kidney maturity? | show 🗑
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| Monitoring of the fetal heart rate during labor and delivery is used to detect: | show 🗑
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| show | Fetal scalp electrode
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| show | asphyxia
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| show | Compression of the umbilical cord
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| What fetal scalp pH is the lower limit of normal? | show 🗑
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| show | July 28
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| show | 25 weeks
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| A fetus suffering prolonged hypoxia will demonstrate: | show 🗑
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| show | Fetal movements show the greatest activity between 28 and 34 weeks, Fetal distress and stillbirth are common findings when the fetus is inactive, Movement has been detected as early as 7 weeks gestation.
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| show | Nonstress test, Fetal movement, Amniotic fluid volume
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| show | cordocentesis
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| When measuring maternal estriol levels, fetal distress is indicated when: | show 🗑
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| What are some factors of maternal history places the fetus at high risk? | show 🗑
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| show | Rupture of the membranes, Dilation of the cervix, Contraction of the uterus, Separation of the placenta, Shrinking of the uterus
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| At a dilatation of 5 cm, the cervix is: | show 🗑
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| The most common fetal presentation is: | show 🗑
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| show | 0
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| Actual delivery of the fetus takes place during the second stage of labor and normally does not exceed: | show 🗑
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| show | Magnesium,Terbutaline, Ritodrine, Nifedipine
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| Dystocia could result from? | show 🗑
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| Vaginal delivery of the fetus is nearly impossible in _______ position? | show 🗑
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| A complete coverage of the cervical opening by the placenta is called: | show 🗑
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| Substantial separation of the placenta from the uterus w/ no visible bleeding is called: | show 🗑
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| show | Fetal distress, Cephalopelvic disproportion, Severe maternal preeclampsia
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| show | An increased incidence of: Premature labor, Congenital abnormalities, Bacterial infections, Hypoglycemia
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| The most powerful influence on the initial breath is: | show 🗑
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| show | Establishment of the FRC
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| Clamping of the umbilical cord results in: | show 🗑
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| Blood flow through the foramen ovale normally ceases when: | show 🗑
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| What are some anatomic and physiologic differences between adults and infants? | show 🗑
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| show | Ear recoil, sole creases, skin appearance, and presence of lanugo.
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| show | 26 – 28 weeks
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| show | Assess skin color, Observe overall movement and muscle tone, Inspect the overall look of the pt., Observation of respiration
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| show | Fontanelles are bulging and tense
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| A pediatric pt presents w/ a history of a dry, nonproductive cough. You would suspect what? | show 🗑
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| show | hypercarbia
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| show | Diagnosis of lung disorders, Follow the natural history of lung diseases and/or lung growth, Evaluation of therapeutic responses, Prediction of subsequent dysfunction.
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| show | Cardiac artifact, Paradoxical chest movement, REM sleep
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| Body plethysmography uses what gas law to measure gas volume? | show 🗑
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| An accurate PFT study done on a pediatric pt is mainly dependent on: | show 🗑
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| What are indications for CPT? | show 🗑
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| To ensure maximum effectiveness, PEP should be followed by what technique? | show 🗑
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| show | Auscultation; postural drainage; percussion; vibration; and removal of secretions
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| What modality of aerosolized medication requires the least amount of pt coordination? | show 🗑
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| show | Decreased breath sounds; decreased chest expansion; presence of wheezes and retractions; increased respiratory rate; nasal flaring; grunting; increasing ventilatory pressures; increasing FiO2 requirements and an increasing PaCO2.
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| One advantage to the mainstream nebulizer is that: | show 🗑
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| Placement of a medication nebulizer in the ventilator circuit between the humidifier and the distal temperature probe may cause: | show 🗑
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| show | Nosocomial infection, Medication side effects, Drug reconcentration, Ventilator malfunction, Excessive noise.
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| show | Fixed drug concentrations
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| The greatest hazard associated w/ the aerosolization of Ribavirin into a ventilator circuit is: | show 🗑
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| While suctioning the endotracheal tube following a CPT tx, the pt becomes bradycardic. What should the RCP do? | show 🗑
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| show | hypoxemia
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| Gaseous oxygen supports and intensifies combustion. | show 🗑
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| show | Bourdon gauge
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| A bubble humidifier is best used w/ what type of oxygen administration device? | show 🗑
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| show | Simple mask at 6 L/min
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| Oxygen consumption is lowest in the neonate at what temperature range? | show 🗑
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| What is involved in nonshivering themogenesis? | show 🗑
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| Premature newborns have a decreased ability to maintain body heat. What are some reasons for that decreased ability? | show 🗑
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| A small preemie is placed on a warming mattress inside an incubator lined w/ aluminum foil. The environmental temp is maintained at 33oC. Flow to the resuscitation bag is turned on inside the incubator w/ the flow of gas passing over the infant’s head. | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral vasoconstriction
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| Radiant heat loss following delivery can be minimized by: | show 🗑
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| What is an advantage to using an open warmer? | show 🗑
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| A baby who is being over-stimulated may show signs: | show 🗑
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| An important part of environmental control is: | show 🗑
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| show | Use pectin-based adhesives between the skin and tape, Use Coban wraps to hold TCMs on the skin
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| show | Maternal IV therapy, Asphyxia, Sepsis, Endocrine disorders
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| show | 3 months
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| Excessive intake of sodium in the postnatal period would lead to: | show 🗑
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| show | Urine losses
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| show | Decreased skin turgor, Sunken anterior fontanelle, Increase in suture overlap
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| show | The presence of RDS
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| show | calcium
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| A neonate appears clinically w/ jitters, irritability, apnea, and seizures. The probable cause is: | show 🗑
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| A term neonate has an indirect bilirubin level of 5 mg/dl. The following day, the level has risen to 9 mg/dl. You would: | show 🗑
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| show | Guaiac-positive stools
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| show | Concentration difference, lipid solubility of the drug, degree of ionization, molecular drug weight
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| Teratogenic drugs generally have their greatest effect during: | show 🗑
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| A lipid-soluble drug has what characteristics? | show 🗑
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| What are types of biochemical reactions of drug metabolism in the liver? | show 🗑
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| Antibiotics, which is considered to be bateriostatic? | show 🗑
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| Drug for CHF? | show 🗑
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| Drug for Supraventricular tachycardia? | show 🗑
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| show | Dopamine
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| Acute bronchospasm would best be treated w/ what drug? | show 🗑
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| show | Caffeine
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| What best describes the effects of Glucocorticoids? | show 🗑
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| show | Cromolyn sodium
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| What would be the drug of choice in sedating a neonate following surgery? | show 🗑
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| show | Fetal drug w/drawal
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| What would be an indication for obtaining a blood gas sample? | show 🗑
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| show | Umbilical artery, radial artery, and capillary
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| show | A low arterial PO2
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| The complication of necrotizing enterocolitis is most prevalent in what blood gas access site? | show 🗑
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| show | Consistency in the technique
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| show | The pressure of oxygen dissolved in plasma
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| show | Minute ventilation minus deadspace ventilation
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| show | PaCO2 decreases, Alveolar ventilation increases
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| At a pH of 7.40, what ratio represents the correct balance of bicarbonate to dissolved carbon dioxide? | show 🗑
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| In the presence of respiratory acidosis, what is the amount of bicarbonate the body retains for each 1 mm Hg increase in PaCO2? | show 🗑
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| Carbonic acid is formed by a combination of: | show 🗑
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| show | Diminished PaO2
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| show | Increase the perfusion to the area
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| show | Shock, severe acidosis, skin edema, severe anemia
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| show | Thermal injury
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| show | Presence of carboxyhemoglobin
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| show | Accidental extubation
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| The greatest effect on the end-tidal CO2 monitor is exerted by: | show 🗑
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| show | Worsening V/Q ratio, Improvement in alveolar deadspace disease
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| The underlying etiology of RDS is: | show 🗑
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| show | DIC, Intraventricular hemorrhage, Infection and PDA
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| Oxygen toxicity, barotrauma, PDA and fluid overload are all linked to the development of: | show 🗑
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| What is likely to be used when treating complications of BPD? | show 🗑
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| The radiographic picture of Wilson-Mikity syndrome appears similar to: | show 🗑
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| show | Necrosis of retinal vessels
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| Prevention of ROP is based on: | show 🗑
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| show | Germinal matrix
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| Bleeding in the brain ventricles, w/o evidence of ventricular dilation, describes: | show 🗑
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| show | bradycardia
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| show | asphyxia
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| Intubation of the trachea, followed by suction applied to the endotracheal tube while it is being removed, is indicated when: | show 🗑
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| show | Check for signs of extubation followed by transillumination of the chest
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| PIE can best be treated by: | show 🗑
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| A pt is suspected of having PPHN. What is the most accurate test to make the diagnosis? | show 🗑
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| show | methemoglobinemia
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| What are indicative of TTN? | show 🗑
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| What are some causes of central apnea? | show 🗑
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| show | caffeine
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| While performing an initial assessment on a newborn infant, the respiratory care practitioner notices that the entire body is blanched and pale w/ a rapid heart rate. This is most consistent w/: | show 🗑
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| show | Marital Status, Living Conditions, Ethnicity
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| show | Decreased chest expansion, Wheezes, Increasing ventilator pressures
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| 12 year old pt has been hospitalized for 4 weeks for tx of head injury. The pt received tracheostomy 24 hours previously. The following information is available: Retractions, Auscultation reveals Coarse rhonchi. What would be the most appropriate action? | show 🗑
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| show | Inappropriate electrode temperature. Pt has a compromised hemodynamic status. There is excessive pressure on the electrode.
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| What is the minimal liter flow used w/ an oxyhood to reduce the possibility of CO2 retention? | show 🗑
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| What drug would produce anesthesia for performing a bronchoscopy? | show 🗑
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| show | Acrocyanosis
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| show | Coarctation of the aorta
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| What would be considered a normal systolic blood pressure for a 1000 g neonate? | show 🗑
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| A 35-week old neonate is brought from the delivery room to the NICU for resuscitation. The RCP notes that the pt is in extreme respiratory distress w/ unequal chest excursion and a scaphoid abdomen. The most likely diagnosis: | show 🗑
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| A 3-week-old term infant is admitted to the pediatric unit for the tx of croup. The suction regulator is still in the room form the previous pediatric pt w/ the regulator set at -75 mmHg of pressure. The RCP should: | show 🗑
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| The presence of _____ would indicate the least likelihood of a neonate developing RDS? | show 🗑
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| Ribavirin is indicated for what infection? | show 🗑
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| show | Silverman-Anderson Index
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| show | Tx of atelectasis, Lung abscess, Mobilization of secretions
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| show | Retinopathy of prematurity, Oxygen toxicity, Cerebral vasoconstriction
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| While suctioning a 38-week mechanically ventilated infant, the pt’s HR drops to 85 beats/min. What is/are the most probable causes of this drop in HR? | show 🗑
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| show | The practitioner is using an older incubator and must lift the arm w/ the attached red flag.
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| The RCP is asked to recommend a parasympatholytic drug for inhalation. What is the BEST recommendation? | show 🗑
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| A neonatal pt w/ Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia is receiving oxygen via a cannula. The pt has had 3 episodes of epistaxis in the last 24 hours. What is the most likely cause? | show 🗑
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| show | There is water in the sample tubing.
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| show | Discontinue the tx
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| While working on a 28-week neonate in a radiant warmer, the RCP notes that the low temperature alarm activates. The radiant heater is on and the pt’s temperature is normal when measured rectally. What is the most likely cause of the alarm? | show 🗑
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| show | Right radial artery
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| ABG is obtained after placing 39-week newborn in oxygen hood at FiO2 of 0.35, a flow of 5 L/min. Pt has history of TTN, w/ subnormal PaCO2 levels: pH 7.32, PaCO2 48 torr, PaCO2 68 torr, HCO3 24 mEq/L. What is most appropriate initial action? | show 🗑
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| show | Esophageal balloon
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| A 10-year-old pt is admitted to the ICU w/ a history of head injury following an automobile accident. The physician asks that the pt’s PaCO2 be maintained at a level of 25 torr and that it be closely monitored. What is the BEST recommendation? | show 🗑
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| show | Perform a sleep study
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| show | Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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| What are some of the symptoms of RDS? | show 🗑
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| show | Mobilization of secretions
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| show | Compression of the fetal head
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| 3 yr old pt admitted to ED w/ SOB. RCP notes the pt has retractions, diffuse bilateral wheezing, and an increased respiratory rate. The physician orders a medication nebulizer w/ Cromolyn sodium and normal saline. What is the most appropriate action? | show 🗑
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| show | Oxygen cannula w/ a bubble humidifier
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| A RCP tx newborn, notes has worsening cyanosis despite > FiO2. Tachypneic w/ intercostals retractions. Audible sys. ejection click and loud second heart sound. X-ray shows prominent main pul. artery w/ mod. cardiomegaly. What test BEST deter. diag.? | show 🗑
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| show | The oxygen flow is too low
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| show | Capillary blood gas
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| show | Interviewing the parents
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| A 3-week-old newborn being weaned from mechanical ventilation si receiving IV morphine 0.2 mg/kg q4 hours for agitation. The RCP should monitor the pt for: | show 🗑
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| At flows of 6 to 15 L/minute, a non-rebreathing mask can deliver an FiO2 of: | show 🗑
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| show | Possible fracture
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| show | Initiate the pt on a nasal cannula.
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| Following intubation and the initiation of mechanical ventilation on a 30-week neonate, the RCP receives an order to initiate CPT. What would be appropriate methods of performing the therapy? | show 🗑
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| 6 yr-old male admitted to ED w/ HX of headache/nausea. Pulse ox shows SPO2 of 95% on a NC at 3 L/min. ABG results: pH 7.30, PaCO2 48 , PaO2 54 , HCO3 22 mEq/L, SPO2 86%. What is most probable cause of difference between pulse Ox and co-ox reading? | show 🗑
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| show | Allen’s
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| show | Right side pneumothorax
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| A 5-year-old pt is admitted to the emergency department w/ a history of upper respiratory infection for the past 2 days and a tight, inspiratory and expiratory stridor. The most appropriate aerosolized drug for this pt is: | show 🗑
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| show | The analyzer is being affected by the humidity.
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| show | A worsening of the clinical course, Increasing retractions, The appearance of cyanosis
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| What is used to administer the drug Ribavirin? | show 🗑
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| A 9-year-old pt admitted w/ Status Asthmaticus is being ventilated w/ a volume cycled ventilator. The RCP notices that the high pressure alarm triggers repeatedly, the pt is agitated and SPO2 is dropping to below 90%. What should the practitioner do FIR | show 🗑
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| show | Prostaglandin E
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