B&H - Anatomy
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| Upper limits of normal cardiothoracic ratio on a PA radiograph? | 50%
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| Upper limits of normal cardiothoracic ratio on an AP radiograph? | 57%
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| A lateral decubitus radiograph view can demonstrate as little as how much fluid or air? | 5mL of fluid or 15mL of air
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| C-shaped trachea cartilaginous rings are completed posteriorly by a flat band of muscle and connective tissue called what? | posterior tracheal membrane
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| Approximate length of the trachea in an adult? | 12 cm
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| Upper limits of normal coronal tracheal diameter in men and women? | 2.5 cm in men and 2.1 cm in women
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| Normal coronal-to-sagittal diameter ratio of the trachea? | 0.6:1.0
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| Narrowing of the coronal diameter of the trachea producing a coronal/sagittal ratio of <0.6 is called what and is seen in what disease? | saber sheath trachea, COPD
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| The right paratracheal stripe should not exceed what width? | 4 mm
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| On lateral view, air in the esophagus makes visible the tracheoesophageal stripe. It should measure less than what? Thickening of this is most commonly seen in what disease? | 5 mm, esophageal carcinoma
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| At what generations do bronchi begin to lose their cartilaginous support? | 12-15 generations
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| When bronchi have lost their cartilaginous support, they are termed what? | bronchioles
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| Bronchioles bearing alveoli on their walls are termed what? | respiratory bronchioles
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| The airway just before the first respiratory bronchiole is termed what? | terminal bronchiole
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| In average, how many generations are found between the trachea and the alveoli? | 21-25 generations
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| On the right, the minor fissure separates what lobes? | the middle lobe from the upper lobe
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| On the right, the major fissure separates what lobes? | the lower lobe from the upper lobe superiorly and from the middle lobe inferiorly
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| Right superior lobar bronchus branches? | B1, apical; B2, posterior; B3, anterior
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| Right middle lobar bronchus branches? | B4, lateral; B5, medial
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| Right inferior lobar bronchus branches? | B6, superior (lower lobe); B7, medial basal; B8, anterior basal; B9, lateral basal; B10, anterior basal
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| Left superior lobar bronchus branches? | B1+2, apicoposterior; B3, anterior
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| Lingular bronchus branches? | B4, superior lingular; B5, inferior lingular
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| Left inferior lobar bronchus branches? | B6, superior (lower lobe); B7+8, anteromedial basal; B9, lateral basal; B10, posterior basal
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| Flattened squamous cells covering 95% of the alveolar surface. Incapable of repair. | Type 1 pneumocytes
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| Produce surfactant, rare in number, capable of mitosis and provide a mechanism for repair of alveolar injury. | Type 2 pneumocytes
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| Prevalence of an azygos fissure? | 0.5%
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| Prevalence of a right minor fissure? | 80-90%
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| Prevalence of a right superior accessory fissure? | 3-5%
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| Prevalence of a right inferior accessory fissure? | 10-20%
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| Prevalence of a left minor fissure? | 2%
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| The right minor fissure is complete in what percentage of individuals? | 25%
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| The right and left major fissures generally fuse posteriorly in what percentage of individuals? | 35%
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| Which major fissure generally begins more superiorly and has a more vertical course? | left major fissure
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| The minor fissure projects at the level of which right rib and is visible on frontal radiographs in what percentage of individuals? | 4th right rib, 50%
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| The inferior accessory fissure, when present, separates what segments? | separates the medial basal segment from the remaining basal segments of the lower lobe.
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| Shitty radiologists misidentify the inferior accessory fissure as what structure (which shouldn't be visible on normal radiographs)? | inferior pulmonary ligament
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| A small triangle of extrapleural fat, seen at its point of insertion on the right medial diaphragm, helps identify this structure. | inferior accessory fissure
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| The superior accessory fissure separates what segments? | separates the superior segment of the right lower lobe from the basal segments of the right lower lobe.
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| What does the left minor fissure separate? | separates the lingula from the remaining portions of the upper lobe.
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