Skin and its Appendages
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| show | Skin (Integument)
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| show | Skin and its appendages: hair, nails, and skin glands
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| What is skin classified as? | show 🗑
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| show | Epidermis and dermis
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| show | Dermoepidermal junction
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| show | Lies beneath dermis (insulation, rich in fat and loose connective tissue
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| show | Thick and thin skin
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| Keratinocytes | show 🗑
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| show | Pigment producing cells (5% of total; contribute to skin color and filter ultraviolet light
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| Epidermal dendritic cells | show 🗑
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| show | Attach to sensory nerve endings to form "light touch" receptors
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| Dermal papillae | show 🗑
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| Tactile | show 🗑
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| show | Single layer of columar cells; only these cells undergo mitosis and then migrate through the other layers until they are shed
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| Stratum spinosum (spiny layer) | show 🗑
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| Stratum germinativum | show 🗑
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| Stratum granulosum (granular layer) | show 🗑
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| Stratum lucidum (clear layer) | show 🗑
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| show | Most superficial layer, dead cells filled with keratin (barrier area)
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| show | Turnover or regeneration time referred to time required for epidermal cells to form in stratum basale and migrate to the skin surface
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| show | Regulates epidermal growth and repair
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| Callus formation | show 🗑
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| Amount of stratum basale cells to enter mitosis daily | show 🗑
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| Epidermal proliferating unit | show 🗑
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| show | A basement membrane with unique fibrous elements and a polysaccharide gel "glue" the epidermis to the dermis below. The junction is a partial barrier to the passage of some cells and large molecules
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| Dermis | show 🗑
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| Structures in dermis | show 🗑
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| Papillary layer | show 🗑
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| Reticular layer | show 🗑
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| show | Papillary layer
Reticular layer
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| The dermis does not | show 🗑
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| show | fibroblasts begin forming and unusually dense mass of new connective fibers; if not replaced by normal tissue, this mass remains a scar
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| Cleavage lines | show 🗑
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| show | aka subcautaneous layer or superficial fascia (connective tissue) located deep to the dermis; forms connection between skin and other structures; not part of the skin
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| Melanin | show 🗑
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| Types of melanin | show 🗑
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| Eumelanin | show 🗑
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| Pheomelanin | show 🗑
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| Melanosomes | show 🗑
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| Melanosomes are ingested by | show 🗑
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| show | congenital absence of melanin
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| Age spots | show 🗑
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| Skin color | show 🗑
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| Beta-carotene | show 🗑
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| Hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| show | blood flow increase to the skin (dilate blood vessels)
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| Cyanosis | show 🗑
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| Bruising | show 🗑
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| Functions of the skin Protection | show 🗑
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| show | formed by mixing of residue and secretions of sweat and sebacaous glands with sloughed epithelial cells from skin surface
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| Desquamation | show 🗑
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| Functions of surface film | show 🗑
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| Chemical composition from epithelial elements | show 🗑
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| Chemical composition from sebum | show 🗑
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| Chemical composition from sweat | show 🗑
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| Sensation of the skin | show 🗑
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| Flexibility of the skin | show 🗑
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| show | Phagocytic cells destroy bacteria. Epidermal dendritic cells trigger helpful immune reaction working with helper T cells
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| show | To maintain homeostasis of body temperature, heat production must equal heat loss; skin plays a critical role in this process
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| Heat production | show 🗑
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| show | Water, Urea/ammonia/uric acid
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| Vitamin D production | show 🗑
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| Heat loss | show 🗑
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| Evaporation | show 🗑
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| Radiation | show 🗑
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| show | transfer of heat to any substance in contact with the body; accounts for relatively small amounts of heat loss (contact)
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| Convection | show 🗑
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| Heat loss by the skin is controlled by | show 🗑
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| show | Receptors in the hypothalamus
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| show | hair follicles and hair develop from epidermis; mitosis of cells of germinal matrix forms hairs
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| Lanugo | show 🗑
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| Terminal hair | show 🗑
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| show | cluster of capillaries under germinal matrix
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| Root | show 🗑
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| show | visible part of hair (dead)
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| Medulla | show 🗑
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| cortex | show 🗑
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| show | result of different amounts, distribution, types of melanin in cortex of hair
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| Growth | show 🗑
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| show | Skin oil
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| Male pattern baldness (androgenic alopecia) | show 🗑
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| Two types of sweat glands | show 🗑
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| Eccrine glands | show 🗑
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| Apocrine glands | show 🗑
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| Nails | show 🗑
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| Nail body | show 🗑
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| Root | show 🗑
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| show | moon-shaped white area nearest root
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| show | layer of epithelium under nail body, contains abundant blood vessels
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| Onycholysis | show 🗑
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| Nail growth | show 🗑
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| show | secrete sebum, lipid components have anti-fungal activity, simple, branched, in dermis expect for soles and palms, secretion increases in adolescence (may lead to pimples)
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| show | Modified apocrine sweat glands, simple, coiled, tubular, empty contents into external ear, protect area, excess can cause blockage of ear canal
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| Cerumen (wax) | show 🗑
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| Epidermis | show 🗑
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| Dermis | show 🗑
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| show | form fingerprints or footprints, underlying dermal papillae are raised in curving parallel ridges
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| show | principal structure element of the outer skin (skin cells that become filled with keratin)
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| Strata | show 🗑
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| Keratin | show 🗑
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| show | after dead and fully keratinized, flattened keratinocytes
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| Melanocytes | show 🗑
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| show | branched cells that play a role in immunity
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