Hypertension
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension occurs when the BP reaches a sustained elevation of what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | two separate readings on two separate occasions.
🗑
|
||||
| What pressure is the greatest force caused by the contraction of the left ventricle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Diastolic BP
🗑
|
||||
| show | the pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls
🗑
|
||||
| show | *Blood flow *Peripheral vascular resistance
🗑
|
||||
| show | determined by the diameter of the vessel and viscosity of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| Blood flow and peripheral vascular resistance play an important role in regulating what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Increased peripheral vascular resistance results from what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | *The sympathetic nervous system *The renin-angiotensin system of the renal system
🗑
|
||||
| show | Releases epinephrine and norepinephrine that result in vasoconstriction and increased peripheral vascular resistance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Low blood flow to the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Renin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Angiotensin
🗑
|
||||
| show | Actual cause is unknown. Theories include: arteriolar changes, sympathetic nervous system, hormonal influence (RAAS). GENETIC FACTORS, HIGH BODY WEIGHT, SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE, INCREASED SODIUM INTAKE, EXCESSIVE ALCHOHOL INTAKE.
🗑
|
||||
| Primary (essential) Hypertension constitutes what percentage of cases of hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Angiotensin is released from what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | *Age *Sex *Race *Family history
🗑
|
||||
| What age is at higher risk of hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| True or False: African-americans are at a higher risk of hypertension than caucasian americans | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | *The elastic tissue in the arterioles to be replaced by fibrous tissue. *decreased tissue perfusion resulting in deterioration of major organs.
🗑
|
||||
| show | False. Its attributable to an identifiable medical diagnosis
🗑
|
||||
| How does renal vascular disease affect secondary hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does primary aldosteronism affect hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | increased blood volume.
🗑
|
||||
| How does Pheochromocytoma affect hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypertension occurs when the BP reaches a sustained elevation of what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | two separate readings on two separate occasions.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Systolic BP
🗑
|
||||
| What pressure occurs during the relaxation phase between heartbeats? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is arterial blood pressure is determined by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The two primary factors determining pressure exerted in the arteries | show 🗑
|
||||
| What determines peripheral vascular resistance? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Blood Pressure
🗑
|
||||
| show | vasoconstriction and/or narrowing of the lumen of the peripheral blood vessel
🗑
|
||||
| What controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does the sympathetic nervous system affect cosoconstriction/dilation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Low blood flow to the kidneys.
🗑
|
||||
| What leads to the formation of angiotensin? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Angiotensin
🗑
|
||||
| What causes primary (essential) hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primary (essential) Hypertension constitutes what percentage of cases of hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The lungs
🗑
|
||||
| What are the NON-modifiable risk risk factors of hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What age is at higher risk of hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | True. They are at 2x greater risk.
🗑
|
||||
| show | *The elastic tissue in the arterioles to be replaced by fibrous tissue. *decreased tissue perfusion resulting in deterioration of major organs.
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: Like primary hypertension, secondary hypertension has no definative cause | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | affects renin and sodium that results in increased vascular volume.
🗑
|
||||
| show | causes sodium and water retention. excess secretion of catecholamines increases peripheral vascular resistance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | increased blood volume.
🗑
|
||||
| show | excess secretion of catecholamines increases peripheral vascular resistance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | marked elevation of B/P in upper extremities with decrease perfusion to lower extremities.
🗑
|
||||
| What is malignant hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inflammation of the arterioles in the eyes (arteriolitis)
🗑
|
||||
| Who is malignant hypertension most common in? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Small arterioles (Most notably in major organs, heart, kidneys, brain, eyes)
🗑
|
||||
| show | TRUE
🗑
|
||||
| What physiological event is responsible for the most damage to organs with malignant hypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hypertension is often asymptomatic until when? | show 🗑
|
||||
| S/S of advanced hypertension | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Smoking
🗑
|
||||
| What is Angioedema? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Angioedema
🗑
|
||||
| show | Calcium and Magnesium
🗑
|
||||
| To prevent hypertension, a man of normal weight should consume no more than how much ethanol a day? What does that amount equivilate to? A woman should limit it to how much? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the recommended sodium intake per day? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the therapeutic goal of antihypertensive agents? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How are antihypertensive drugs classified? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some precautions to look for prior to administration of antihypertensives? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the side effects of antihypertensives? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Notify the physician of the clients low heart rate. Bradycardia is a side effect of beta-blockers and the drug can make it worse.
🗑
|
||||
| list three things that can negate the therapeutic effects of antihypertensives | show 🗑
|
||||
| What antihypertensive my cause an increase in blood glucose and a false positive for coombs? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When is the last dose of the day of clonodine administered? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How often should transdermal clonodine be administered? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In the perioperative setting, continue clonidine up to _____ prior to surgery and resume _____ thereafter. | show 🗑
|
||||
| True or False: Transdermal clonodine is the only clonodine you can use during surgury | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Weekly
🗑
|
||||
| What controls arrhythmias without appearance of detrimental side effects | show 🗑
|
||||
| What decreases frequency and severity of angina attacks? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | management of mild to moderate hypertension
🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of adrenergics? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Clonodine is a _____ | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 40% - 50%
🗑
|
||||
| show | *Hypertension. *Management of symptomatic heart failure *Slowed progression of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to overt heart failure
🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of ACE inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The 'PRILs': benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, Monopril, lisinopril, quinapril, Accupril, Moexipril, vamipril
🗑
|
||||
| show | False. ALL ACE inhibitors cross the placenta.
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: ACE inhibitors are commonly used with surgical procedures | show 🗑
|
||||
| What increases the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with ACE inhibitors? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What blunts the antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors when taken with them? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What can increased levels/consumption of ACE inhibitors cause? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | b; Dizziness is a common initial side effect of this medication, which is usually transient. The patient should be instructed to rise from a lying position slowly to avoid orthostatic hypotension and avoid falling.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the use of Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a more preferred antihypertensive for patients with diabetes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | blocks vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II at various receptor sites including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. BLOCKS VASOCONSTRICTION
🗑
|
||||
| show | *The 'tans' *iosartan (Cozaar). *irbesartan (Avapro). *valsartan (Diovan).
🗑
|
||||
| What blunts the antihypertensive effects of Angiotetan II Receptor Antagonists when taken along side them? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What increases the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with Angiotetan II Receptor Antagonists? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | *Hypertension *Angina pectoris *tachyarrhythmias *Hypertrophic subaortic stenosis *Migraine headache (prophylaxis) *MI (prevention) *Glaucoma (ophthalmic) *CHF *Hyperthyroidism.
🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of Beta-blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | located chiefly in the heart where stimulation results in increased heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction.
🗑
|
||||
| Are beta blockers Antiarrhythmic or Antihypertensive? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are some examples of beta blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Prolongued hypoglycemia
🗑
|
||||
| show | Digoxin
🗑
|
||||
| Propranolol (Inderal), a beta adrenergic blocker, controls hypertension by: | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the uses of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Verapamil and diltiazem
🗑
|
||||
| What increases levels and effects of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the uses for Beta-blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Competes with adrenergic (sympathetic) neurotransmitters for adrenergic receptor sites.
🗑
|
||||
| show | located chiefly in the heart where stimulation results in increased heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Beta-blockers are BOTH Antiarrhythmic and Antihypertensive
🗑
|
||||
| show | *The 'lols' *acebutolol HCI (Sectral). *atenolol (Tenormin). *carvedilol (Coreg). *esmolol HCI (Brevibloc). *metoprolol (Lopressor).
🗑
|
||||
| Beta-blockers used with insulin can cause what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Beta-blockers used with ______ can increase bradycardia | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The beta-adrenergic blocking agents block beta receptor stimulation in the heart, which then inhibits cardiac response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. This will result in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the uses of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, resulting in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| What calcium channel blockers may increase serum digoxin levels and cause toxicity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What increases levels and effects of calcium channel blockers? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the action of aldosterone antagonists? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bumetanide (Bumex)
🗑
|
||||
| show | To prevent nocturia
🗑
|
||||
| What sulfonomide (loop diuretic) controls general edema? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | *Thiazides *chloroTHIAZIDE (Diuril) and hydrochloroTHIAZIDE (Esidrix).
🗑
|
||||
| a PT with a Hx of cardiac insufficiency C/O SoB. The nurse auscultates his lungs and notes bilateral crackles throughout both fields and bilateral +2 edema of lower extremities. The nurse anticipates his health care provider will prescribe ______ | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the BP range for prehypertension? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | High blood pressure damages the arteries and causes an increased resistance of the arterioles to the flow of blood
🗑
|
||||
| What is a serious side effect of the vasodilator nitroprusside (Nitropress)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the most serious side effect of the vasodilator nesiritide (Natrecor)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Antihypertensive drug therapy for a stage 1 hypertensive African-American PT would most likely include which? (1 Vasodilators alone) (2 ACE inhibitors alone) (3 Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretic)(4 Beta-blockers with thiazide diuretic) | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
Shanejqb
Popular Nursing sets