Anatomy VTNE Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| anatomy | show 🗑
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| physiology | show 🗑
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| show | the left and right halves are essentially mirror images of one another and single structures are toward midline
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| What are the 2 main body cavities in the mammalian body? | show 🗑
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| dorsal body cavity | show 🗑
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| ventral body cavity | show 🗑
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| How are the organs of the ventral body cavity divided? | show 🗑
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| pleura | show 🗑
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| visceral pleura | show 🗑
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| parietal pleura | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of the pleura
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| show | lines the abdominal organs
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| peritonitis | show 🗑
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| show | the most basic unit
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| tissues | show 🗑
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| show | groups of tissues working together for the same purpose
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| show | organs with a common set of activities
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| show | maintenance of a dynamic equallibrium in the body (balance)
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| show | cells with no nucleus
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| show | cells with a true nucleus
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| cells membrane/plasma membrane | show 🗑
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| cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| show | small "organs" that carry out function in the cell
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| show | present in the cells of the digestive tract, projections that come out of the cell that help in absorption
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| show | present in cells of the respiratory tract where a projection from the cell prevents dust and foreign bodies from entering the lungs
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| ribosomes | show 🗑
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| mitochondria | show 🗑
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| endoplasmic reticulum | show 🗑
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| golgi body | show 🗑
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| lysosomes | show 🗑
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| show | detoxify molecules
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| nucleus | show 🗑
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| true or false: everything inside the cell other than the nucleus is genetic material. | show 🗑
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| show | false
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| show | true
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| show | cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane
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| What are the principal components of cytoplasm? | show 🗑
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| show | it depends on the cells activity level (highly active cells require more mitochondria)
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| show | proteins
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| The outer layer of the nuclear membrane in continuous with what? | show 🗑
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| show | epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscle
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| gross anatomy | show 🗑
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| microanatomy/histology | show 🗑
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| show | connective
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| show | cells that produce ordinary connective tissue
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| show | less active adult cells
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| What kind of tissue forms tendons? | show 🗑
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| What kind of tissue forms ligaments and the dermis of the skin? | show 🗑
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| show | skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
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| What is the first stage of tissue healing and repair? | show 🗑
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| infection | show 🗑
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| Is scar tissue as strong as the original tissue? | show 🗑
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| show | substances the leave the body
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| show | protective, waterproof substance
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| show | bacteria and viruses
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| mucin | show 🗑
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| duct | show 🗑
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| show | spaces in loose connective tissue fill with body fluid in trauma
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| show | fat
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| show | tough, specialized connective tissue
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| mucus membranes | show 🗑
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| True or False: Connective tissue has no direct blood supply and epithelial tissue is vascularized. | show 🗑
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| show | False: Cartilage does not contain nerves
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| True of False: bone is specialized connective that is well vascularized, protects vital organs such as the brain and heart, acts as a calcium reserve, and is the site of blood cell production and fat storage. | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| What structure acts as a partial barrier between the epithelial cells and the underlying connective tissue? | show 🗑
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| What type of membrane lines the respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts? | show 🗑
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| What is the first process in inflammation? | show 🗑
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| show | bone
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| osteocytes | show 🗑
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| show | bone
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| show | 1. support 2. protection 3. leverage 4. storage 5. hematopoiesis
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| show | prevents hypercalcemia by depositing excess calcium in bones
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| show | prevents hypocalcemia by withdrawing calcium from bones
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| cancellous bone | show 🗑
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| compact bone | show 🗑
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| osteoblasts | show 🗑
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| show | mature bone cells
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| osteoclasts | show 🗑
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| show | longer than wide
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| short bones | show 🗑
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| show | thin and flat
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| show | don't fit into the other categories (misc)
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| What fills the space inside bones? | show 🗑
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| red bone marrow | show 🗑
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| show | adipose but can revert back to red
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| show | large, round, articular surface
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| show | spherical surface on end of a long bone
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| facet | show 🗑
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| show | all lumps, bumps, and projections in a bone
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| show | hole in a bone; usually for a nerve or vessel to pass
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| fossa | show 🗑
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| show | short faced
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| dolicocephalic | show 🗑
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| maxillary | show 🗑
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| lacrimal | show 🗑
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| show | h-shaped and supports base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, and helps animal swallow
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| show | first vertebra that helps hold up the head
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| c2 (axis) | show 🗑
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| show | flat bones that form the lateral walls of the thorax
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| show | breastbone that forms the floor of the thorax
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| show | most proximal bone of the thoracic limb
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| humerus | show 🗑
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| What bones make up the antebrachium? | show 🗑
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| show | main weight bearing bone of the forearm
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| show | helps form the elbow
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| carpus | show 🗑
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| metacarpal bones | show 🗑
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| show | bones of the digits
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| show | found in some tendons; irregular bones
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| show | 3
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| show | cranial most part of pelvis;wings of pelvis
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| show | caudal most pelvic bone
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| show | smallest of pelvic bones that forms cranial portion of pubic floor
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| show | 3 pelvic bones that form this ball and socket joint
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| obturator foramen | show 🗑
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| femur | show 🗑
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| show | knee cap
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| show | the patella
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| fabellae | show 🗑
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| tibia | show 🗑
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| show | thin, but complete bone that parallels tibia
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| show | ankle (hock)
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| metatarsal bones | show 🗑
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| os cordis | show 🗑
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| show | bone in penis that supports it in dog, walrus, beavers, and raccoon
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| show | bone to strengthen the nose of swine
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| joints | show 🗑
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| show | joint
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| show | completely immobile
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| show | slightly mobile
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| show | freely movable
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| flexion | show 🗑
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| show | increases angle
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| adduction | show 🗑
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| show | away from the medial plane
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| show | twisting on axis
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| circumduction | show 🗑
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| hinge joints | show 🗑
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| gliding joint | show 🗑
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| pivot joint | show 🗑
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| show | permits all synovial movement
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| What are the 3 types of muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | muscle
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| sarco | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasm of the muscle cell
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| show | skeletal muscle
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| show | attach muscles to bones
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| aponeuroses | show 🗑
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| origin of muscle | show 🗑
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| insertion of muscle | show 🗑
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| show | rarely
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| prime mover (agonist) | show 🗑
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| antagonist | show 🗑
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| synergist | show 🗑
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| fixator muscle | show 🗑
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| show | action, shape, location, number of heads, directions of fibers, attachment sites, and selected muscles
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| show | 100+
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| involuntary striated muscle | show 🗑
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| What muscle contracts with wave-like contractions? | show 🗑
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| non-striated involuntary muscle | show 🗑
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| show | 1. large sheets of cells in some hollow organs
2. small discrete groups of cells
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| show | masseters
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| What muscle contracts during inspiration? | show 🗑
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| show | thin muscle in the connective tissue beneath the skin
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| show | upper arm region
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| show | soft internal organs
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| neuro | show 🗑
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| show | central and peripheral
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| peripheral nervous system | show 🗑
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| show | sensory, motor, or integrating
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| neurons | show 🗑
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| True or false: Neurons have a high requirement for oxygen. | show 🗑
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| neuroglia (glial cells) | show 🗑
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| show | recieve stimuli or impulses from other neurons and conduct it to the cell body
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| axon | show 🗑
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| effector cell | show 🗑
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| myelin | show 🗑
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| afferent nerve impulses | show 🗑
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| show | carry nerve impulses away from CNS
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| show | voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
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| show | self-regulating system (smooth and cardiac muscle)
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| show | largest part of the brain
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| gyri | show 🗑
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| sulci | show 🗑
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| show | deep grooves of the brain
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| show | part of the brain just caudal to the cerebrum; responsible for balance, coordination, posture, and reflexes
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| show | passageway between cerebellum and brain stem
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| brain stem | show 🗑
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| show | pons, medulla oblongata, and the mid-brain
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| meninges | show 🗑
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| show | fluid that protects that brain and spinal cord from hard surfaces of the skull and spinal cord
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| blood-brain barrier | show 🗑
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| show | special set of 12 nerves that originate directly from the brain
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| show | when the neuron is not stimulated
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| cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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| fenstrations | show 🗑
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| central canal | show 🗑
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| True or false: Neurons have a good reproductive ability. | show 🗑
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| True or False: Spinal nerves are in the CNS? | show 🗑
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| True or False: In fight or flight, activity in the GI tract is increased. | show 🗑
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| Axons in the CNS are covered by what? | show 🗑
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| When you pet a dog, what receptors send a sensation from the skin to that brain? | show 🗑
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| show | cerebrum
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| Damage to this part of the brain can result in rapid death. | show 🗑
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| show | the capillaries
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| show | skeletal muscles
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| What is a common reflex used to assess the depth of anesthesia? | show 🗑
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| What is the purpose of the endocrine system? | show 🗑
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| Where are hormones produced? | show 🗑
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| What other system does the endocrine system typically work with? | show 🗑
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| show | hormones
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| show | endocrine glands
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| Where does the endocrine glands secrete its hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | onto the epithelial surfaces through ducts
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| What does a hormone do when it reaches it's target? | show 🗑
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| show | a thermostat-like system; when hormone levels fall the body secretes more
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| Where is the hypothalamus located? | show 🗑
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| What does that hypothalamus regulate? | show 🗑
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| What hormones are the anterior pituitary responsible for? | show 🗑
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| show | growth, metabolism and increasing sugars
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| show | triggers and maintains lactation in females
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| show | growth and development of the thyroid gland, and causing the thyroid gland to produce hormones
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| show | stimulates growth and development of the adrenal cortex and the release of some of it's hormones
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| follicle stimulating hormone | show 🗑
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| show | completes process of follicle development on the female
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| melanocyte stimulating hormone | show 🗑
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| show | no-stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus
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| anti-diuretic hormone | show 🗑
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| oxytocin | show 🗑
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| thyroid gland | show 🗑
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| show | heats body and helps metabolism; also effects growth in young animals
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| show | maintains homeostasis in blood calcium levels by lowering calcium levels in blood in times of hypercalcemia
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| parathyroid hormone | show 🗑
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| What are the adrenal glands named for? | show 🗑
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| show | effect blood glucose levels-typically increase
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| mineralcortocoid hormones | show 🗑
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| pancreas | show 🗑
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| insulin | show 🗑
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| show | has the opposite effects of insulin and raises blood glucose
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| show | androgens and testosterone
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| show | estrogen and progestins
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| What hormone does the kidneys produce and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| show | gastrin- acts on stomach walls to produce acid and enzymes to aid in digestion
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| What important hormone does the placenta produce and what does it do? | show 🗑
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| show | negative feedback system
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| show | hypophysis
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| What is another name for the growth hormone? | show 🗑
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| show | diabetes insipidus
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| show | balance
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| mediastinum | show 🗑
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| What is the outer layer of the heart called? | show 🗑
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| show | myocardium
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| Between myocardium and the lining of the heart is thin layer of lining. What is this called? | show 🗑
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| Where is the base of the heart located? | show 🗑
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| Where is the apex of the heart located? | show 🗑
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| auricles | show 🗑
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| show | grooves separating ventricles
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| show | ventricle walls are thicker because they have to pump blood to the rest of the body.
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| show | largest artery in the body
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| show | each contraction of the heart
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| show | heart muscles contract and blood is ejected
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| show | heart relaxes and blood refills
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| show | pacemaker of the hear; regulates heartbeat
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| show | Since the mother supplies oxygen and nutrients, the fetusus' blood supply bypasses it's lungs
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| When does a fetus's lungs inflate? | show 🗑
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| Where is the mitral valve located? | show 🗑
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| show | right side
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| show | amount of blood that leaves the heart that is determined by stroke volume and heart reate (sroke volume*HR)
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| show | amount of blood ejected with each contraction
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| heartrate | show 🗑
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| show | blood pressue and fight or flight response
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| arteries | show 🗑
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| show | take blood to the heart
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| True or False: The mediastinum is also called the intrapleural space? | show 🗑
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| show | myocardium
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| show | left ventricle
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| True or False: The SA Node is unable to repolarize itself. | show 🗑
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| show | purkinje fibers
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| What blood vessels do not have muscles in their walls? | show 🗑
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| What effect does general anesthesia have on the cardiovascular system? | show 🗑
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| show | occurs in the lungs-exchange of oxygen and co2
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| internal respiration | show 🗑
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| phonation | show 🗑
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| olfactory | show 🗑
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| What organs are included in the upper respiratory tract? | show 🗑
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| show | nostrils
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| turbinates | show 🗑
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| paranasal sinuses | show 🗑
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| show | covers the opening of the larynx when the animal swallows
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| glottis | show 🗑
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| show | bronchi and alveoli
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| show | from the bronchi to the alveolo
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| show | bronchus-bronchi-bronchioles-alveolar ducts-alveolar sacs
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| alveoli | show 🗑
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| diaphragm | show 🗑
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| thorax | show 🗑
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| show | covers organs in thoracic cavity
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| visceral layer of pleuara | show 🗑
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| show | lines the thoracic cavity
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| inspiration | show 🗑
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| expiration | show 🗑
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| show | volume of air inspired and expired in 1 breath
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| minute volume | show 🗑
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| residual volume | show 🗑
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| show | the base
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| show | from the mouth to the anus
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| show | digestive tract, gastrointestinal tract (GI), or alimentary canal, or gut
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| show | plant eating
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| omnivores | show 🗑
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| carnivores | show 🗑
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| show | single or simple stomach
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| show | mixing or fermentators; have3 multiple compartments in the stomach
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| show | 1. ingest food and water 2. digest and absorb food and water 3. excrete waste products 4. secrete hormones and enzymes 5. convert nutrients to energy
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| show | contractions that move contents along the digestive tract
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| show | contractions that mix the contents of the digestive tract
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| show | lips
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| show | 1. parotid 2. mandibular 3. sublingual
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| show | contains the upper arcade of teeth
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| show | contains the lower arcade of teeth
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| show | where teeth come together or chewing surface of teeth
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| show | grasping teeth
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| canines | show 🗑
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| show | cutting teeth (cheek teeth)
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| show | grinding teeth
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| show | faces the tongue
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| show | faces the hard palate
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| show | faces the lips
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| show | faces the cheeks
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|
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| What is the feline dental formula? | show 🗑
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| What is the canine dental formula? | show 🗑
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| apex of a tooth | show 🗑
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| pulp | show 🗑
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| dentin | show 🗑
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| cementum | show 🗑
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| enamel | show 🗑
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| show | the cardia
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| What shape is the mono-gastric stomach? | show 🗑
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| show | blind pouch that will expand to hold more food as it is swallowed
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| show | middle portion of the stomach
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| pyloric antrum | show 🗑
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| show | sphincter to regulate movement of chyme to duodenum and prevent back flow
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| show | 1 true stomach and 3 forestomachs
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| reticulum | show 🗑
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| hardware disease | show 🗑
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| rumen | show 🗑
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| show | has many muscular folds in the lining
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| show | true stomach of the ruminant
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| How is a young ruminants stomach different that a grown ruminant? | show 🗑
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| show | small intestine
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| show | duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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| villi | show 🗑
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| micro-villi | show 🗑
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| show | layer of micro-villi
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||||
| What are the 3 sections of the large intestines? | show 🗑
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| Is the cecum more developed in carnivores or ruminants? | show 🗑
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||||
| show | produced: hepatic ducts in liver
stored: gall bladder
🗑
|
||||
| What organ plays a part in both lubrication and digestion? | show 🗑
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||||
| show | baby teeth
🗑
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||||
| show | rumen
🗑
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||||
| show | ileus
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|
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| What vitamins are fat soluble? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | in the liver
🗑
|
||||
| show | parotid salivary glands
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|
||||
| show | ascites
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|
||||
| show | sublingual salivary glands
🗑
|
||||
| show | Megaesophagus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 6 functions of the kidneys? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | indented side of the kidney where blood, lymph vessels, nerves, and ureters enter and leave
🗑
|
||||
| show | funnel shaped area in the hilus where urine forms
🗑
|
||||
| renal cortex | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | inner portion of kidney around renal pelvis
🗑
|
||||
| nephron | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | antidiuretic and aldosterone
🗑
|
||||
| show | increased urine volume
🗑
|
||||
| Where do the ureters enter the bladder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone can result in what? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Production of little urine | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | process of cell division the produces reporoductive and ensures that the genetic makeup of each animal is different
🗑
|
||||
| when is the DNA of an animal the same? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | thread-like accumulations of DNA in the nucleus of the cell; contains the genetic material of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| show | total number of the chromosomes in the nucleus (number is paired)
🗑
|
||||
| show | determine gender X, Y
🗑
|
||||
| diploid chromosome number | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | when all other body cells divide
🗑
|
||||
| show | production of spermatozoa in the semineferous tubules
🗑
|
||||
| What sex chromosomes do sperm have? | show 🗑
|
||||
| oogenesis | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | shortly after birth
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1.) Produce sex hormones 2.)Produce sperm 3.) Deliver sperm to the female system at the appropriate time
🗑
|
||||
| testes | show 🗑
|
||||
| scrotum | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 2 main functions of the testes? | show 🗑
|
||||
| spermatozoan | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 main parts of a sperm cell? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | caplike structure in the head of the sperm that breaks into the oocyte
🗑
|
||||
| show | the midsection
🗑
|
||||
| inguinal rings | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | bad of tissue that hold the testicles
🗑
|
||||
| cremaster muscles | show 🗑
|
||||
| spermatic cord | show 🗑
|
||||
| paniform plexus | show 🗑
|
||||
| vas deferens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | carries urine and sperm out of the body
🗑
|
||||
| show | surrounds the urethra; some of its secretions carry into it
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only reproductive accesory organ in dogs. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | secrete lubrications into the urethra before ejaculation
🗑
|
||||
| show | male breeding organ
🗑
|
||||
| show | body
🗑
|
||||
| What part of the penis do cats have spines on? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | sheath of skin enclosing penis when it is not erect
🗑
|
||||
| os penis | show 🗑
|
||||
| bulb of the glans | show 🗑
|
||||
| sigmoid flexure | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are the 5 main functions of the female reproductive system? | show 🗑
|
||||
| ovaries | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | production of cells and production of hormones
🗑
|
||||
| show | process where ova are produced in the follicle of the ovaries
🗑
|
||||
| estrogens | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | hormone that prepares the uterus for implantation and maintains pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| show | follicle stimulating hormone and leutinizing hormone
🗑
|
||||
| uniparous | show 🗑
|
||||
| multiparous | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | small, convoluted tubes that extend from the tip of the uterine horns
🗑
|
||||
| show | funnel-like fingers that catch the ova
🗑
|
||||
| show | womb where the fertilized ovum implants and lives until birth
🗑
|
||||
| placenta | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | musclar valve the closes off uterus from the outside world
🗑
|
||||
| show | birth and estrus
🗑
|
||||
| show | tube that recieves penis and breeding and acts as the birth canal
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only external female reporoductive organ? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | entrance to the vagina
🗑
|
||||
| show | female equal to the penis
🗑
|
||||
| show | external boundary of the vagina
🗑
|
||||
| show | the begining of one heat cycle to another
🗑
|
||||
| polyestrus | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cattle and swine
🗑
|
||||
| seasonally estrous | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | horse, sheep, and cats
🗑
|
||||
| diestrous | show 🗑
|
||||
| What animals are diestrous? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | animals that only have 1 heat cycle a year
🗑
|
||||
| show | mink and fox
🗑
|
||||
| show | 1. Proestrus 2. Estrus 3. Metestrus 4. Diestrus 5. Anestrus
🗑
|
||||
| This is the actual heat period and when the female is receptive to sexual activity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| This is a period of temporary inactivity between breeding cycles? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | proestrus
🗑
|
||||
| show | spermaozoa and ova
🗑
|
||||
| What letter spem cell needs to fertilize the ovum for the offspring to come out a male? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why is the mid-piece of the sperm refered to as the power plant? | show 🗑
|
||||
| In cold conditions, this muscle contracts to pull the testes closer to the body. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | it is the site of attatchment for the testes in the fetus's abdomen
🗑
|
||||
| show | during ejaculation
🗑
|
||||
| True or False: Spermatozoa make up the majority of semen. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What animals have an os penis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| The glans of this animal is covered with short spines. | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the significance of the bulb of the glans n the dog? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | boar, ram, and bull
🗑
|
||||
| show | lutenizing hormone
🗑
|
||||
| show | fallopian tubes
🗑
|
||||
| show | clitoris
🗑
|
||||
| show | the main part of the uterus
🗑
|
||||
| show | paired sheets of connective tissue that suspend the uterus from the dorsal part of the abdominal cavity and attatch to the abdominal wall
🗑
|
||||
| show | ribbon like structure along the surface of the testis where the sperm is stored
🗑
|
||||
| vas defrens | show 🗑
|
||||
| Are the testes kept warmer or cooler than body temperature? | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
abarber09
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