Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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| At what age do symptoms of COPD generally appear | show 🗑
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| show | 50's and 60's
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| show | Changes in the alveolar walls and capillaries and lung elastin degradation
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| show | Failure of the right side of the heart brought on by long-term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries and right ventricle of the
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| What can lead to Cor Pulmonale? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary cause of emphysema? | show 🗑
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| show | *Use of accessory muscles *Spontaneous pursed-lip breathing *Development of barrel-chest
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| show | *Pulmonary function test (PFT) *Arterial blood gas *Alpha –antitrypsin assay
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| show | Smoking
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| What characterizes chronic bronchitis? | show 🗑
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| What can chronic infection from bronchitis lead to? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| What are PTs with chronic bronchitis at an increased risk for? | show 🗑
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| For PTs with chronic bronchitis, when is the cough most productive? | show 🗑
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| True or False: PTs with chronic brochitis are at higher risk of heart failure | show 🗑
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| What are the medication types bronchitis is treated with? | show 🗑
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| show | external factors and occurs in response to allergens such as pollens, dust spores, feathers, or animal dander, food etc
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| show | From internal causes. Not fully understood but often triggered by upper respiratory infection and emotional upsets
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| What are asthma attacks caused by? | show 🗑
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| show | An altered immune response
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| How much has the death rate for asthma increased over the past 10 years? | show 🗑
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| show | Status asthmaticus
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| show | Bronchiectasis
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| show | Repeated lung infections
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| show | *Crackles and wheezing *Prolonged expiratory phase *Hemoptysis *Foul-smelling sputum *Dyspnea, cyanosis and clubbing of fingers
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| What is asthma? | show 🗑
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| show | Increases levels of cAMP producing bronchodilation
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| show | Produces bronchodilation by decreasing intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)
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| What is purpose of corticosteroids in regards to treatment of asthma? | show 🗑
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| What is the action of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists in regards to antiasthmatics? | show 🗑
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| What is the action of Mast Cell Stabilizers in regards to antiasthmatics? | show 🗑
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| show | Cells in the lungs that react to allergens and release histamines and slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
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| What are the contraindications of antiasthmatics? | show 🗑
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| show | Corticosteroid
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| True or False: Diabetics who lose glycemic control during corticosteroid therapy should immediately discontinue use | show 🗑
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| show | Cimetidine
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| show | *May decrease the effectiveness of antidiabetic agents. *May cause hypokalemia with potassium losing diuretics *May increase risk of digoxin toxicity
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| True or False: Bronchdilators can have adverse effects on the CV system | show 🗑
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| show | Administer the bronchodilator first, then wait five minutes before taking the corticosteroid/sympathomimetic
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| show | At least 1 minute
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| When using isoproterenol and epinephrine inhalers, how long must you wait in between inhalations? | show 🗑
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| When using metaproterenol inhalers, how long must you wait in between inhalations? | show 🗑
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| show | Peak flow meters
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| show | Antagonizes the effects of leukotrienes, which are components of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)
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| show | Decrease inflammatory process that is part of asthma, and decrease frequency and severity of asthma.
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| show | False. It is for prevention and reduction of symptoms, not for acute attacks.
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| show | *abdominal pain *drug-induced hepatitis (females) *CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME *arthralgia *myalgia
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| What decreases absorption of Leukotriene Antagonists? | show 🗑
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| What increases blood levels of Leukotriene Antagonists? | show 🗑
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| show | Erythromycin and theophylline
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| show | Warfarin (coumadin)
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| show | Assess lung sounds, respiratory function and allergy symptoms
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| show | At regular intervals on an empty stomach, 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals
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| After opening packet of Leukotriene Antagonists, administer full dose within how long after opening? | show 🗑
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| The action of zafirlukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is to; | show 🗑
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| show | A bronchodilator is a drug used to relieve bronchospasms associated with respiratory disorders, such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
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| show | Concurrent use of beta-blockers
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| show | Poods that contain xanthine (colas, coffee, chocolate).
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| How do xanthines affect cAMP? | show 🗑
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| show | Adrenergic bronchodilators
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| What is the action of adrenergic bronchodilators? | show 🗑
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| show | beta2 (pulmonary) receptors.
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| Adrenergic bronchodilators when used with what may lead to a hypertensive crisis? | show 🗑
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| What can negate the effects of Adrenergic bronchodilators? (Remember the action) | show 🗑
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| What should be done when a PT using an adrenergic bronchodilator suffers a paradoxical bronchospasm? | show 🗑
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| show | Prime the inhaler before first use by releasing 4 test sprays into the air away from the face
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| Adrenergic bronchodilators for nebulizer, compressed air or oxygen flow should be what? | show 🗑
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| A single treatment of 3ml of adrenergic bronchodilators via nebulizer should last how long? | show 🗑
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| After how many sprays should a canister of adrenergic bronchodilator be discarded? | show 🗑
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| show | Long-term control of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD
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| What do zanthine inhalers do? | show 🗑
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| What are the contraindications of zanthine inhalers? | show 🗑
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| show | *SEIZURES *ARRHYTHMIAS *Angina *Palpitations *Rash
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| show | *30 min after a 30 min IV loading dose *12-24 hr after initiation of a continuous infusion *1-2 hr after rapid-acting oral forms *4-12 hr after extended-release oral forms
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| What are the therapeutic serum levels of Zanthines? | show 🗑
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| show | 20+ mcg/ml
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| show | Caffeine
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| What are the first signs of zanthine toxicity? | show 🗑
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| Theophylline (zanthine) doses should not exceed what? | show 🗑
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| show | Crystals may form
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| If crystals form in refrigerated zanthine, how can they be disolved? | show 🗑
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| show | 4-6 hours
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| show | immediately after DC
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| show | q 6-12 months
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