Lower Airway Disorders
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define bronchitis: | show 🗑
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| show | Upper respiratory infections
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| show | *Productive cough *Low grade fever *Diffuse rhonchi/wheezes, dyspnea *Chest pain *Generalized malaise, and headache
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| show | health, presence of headache, and/or aching chest pain
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| show | Respiratory infections, Due to retained pulmonary secretions.
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| What causes legionnaires disease? | show 🗑
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| show | *Influenza *Legionella disease (results in life threatening pneumonia)
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| show | *Significantly elevated temperature 102f - 105f (38.8c - 40.5c) *Headache *Diarrhea *General malaise *NONPRODUCTIVE cough with tachypnea *crackles and wheezing *Signs of shock *HEMATURIA indicating renal failure
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| Anthrax most commonly infects what? | show 🗑
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| How is anthrax spread? | show 🗑
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| True or False: A person infected with anthrax is at high risk for infecting others. | show 🗑
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| What is the most common form of anthrax? | show 🗑
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| What is the least common form of anthrax? | show 🗑
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| What do anthrax bacterial toxins cause? | show 🗑
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| show | It appears first like an insect bite (macule/papule), then black eschar formation and edema to site appears.
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| The initial symptoms of anthrax resembles what? Excluding what? | show 🗑
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| show | Blood loss and shock
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| show | *Inhalation anthrax (widened mediastinum) *Pneumonia (infiltrates)
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| show | Trick question. No single reliable screening is available.
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| What is the most reliable screening for cutaneous and GI anthrax? | show 🗑
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| What antibiotic is the treatment of choice for anthrax, and how long should it be taken? | show 🗑
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| show | 30 days antibiotic and 3 doses of anthrax vaccine
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| How is tuberculosis aquired? | show 🗑
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| What does tuberculosis result in? | show 🗑
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| True or False: tuberculosis has rapid onset. | show 🗑
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| show | Via the blood and lymphatic system.
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| show | Tuberculosis infection. Only 10% of infections progress to disease.
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| What is the bacteria involved with tuberculosis? | show 🗑
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| The rate of TB in foreign born americans increased how much since 1986? | show 🗑
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| show | 15 million
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| show | False. Many PTs with TB disply no s/s.
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| show | *Fatigue *Anorexia/weight loss *Productive cough *Fever *Weakness
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| What are the late signs of TB? | show 🗑
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| show | Sputum culture
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| What kind of room do TB PTs require, and what is needed upon exiting room? | show 🗑
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| show | True.
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| What medications are used to treat TB? | show 🗑
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| show | 50%
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| show | prevention of meningococcal meningitis
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| What should you avoid while taking isoniazid for TB? | show 🗑
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| Why must foods with tyramine and histamine be avoided while on isoniazid? | show 🗑
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| What can be taken to minimize the s/s when foods with tyramine/histamine are taken with isoniazid? | show 🗑
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| What happens when antiacids are taken with isoniazid? | show 🗑
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| What happens when alchohol is taken with isoniazid? | show 🗑
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| show | *amikacin *Capreomycin *Cycloserine *Ethionamide *Levofloxacin *Ofloxacin *Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)
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| Rifampin and isoniazid are 1st or 2nd line drug? | show 🗑
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| show | Ethambutol
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| What is an expected adverse effect of rifampin? | show 🗑
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| show | phenytoin
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| rifampin significantly decreases levels of what drug? | show 🗑
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| How would you administer anti-TB drugs if GI upset/irritation occures | show 🗑
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| What is pneumonia? | show 🗑
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| show | Winter and spring
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| show | Infants and elderly
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| List 3 causes of pneumonia | show 🗑
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| list 3 clinical manifistations of pneumonia | show 🗑
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| What are manifistations of Streptoccocal /pneumococcal pneumonia? | show 🗑
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| show | *Rust colored sputum *possible friction rub *COPIOUS SALMON COLORED SPUTUM
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| show | Same as stRep + more of a gradual onset; more inflam of the terminal brochioles and alveoli (bronchopneumonia); if tx delayed beyond second day>>critically ill pt w/ increased risk of mortality rate
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| show | *Croupy cough *Arthralgias (joint pain) *Yellow or green sputum
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| show | Hemophilus
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| show | *Severe, non-productive cough *Crackles *Decreased breath sounds
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| What are the manifistations of viral pneumonia? | show 🗑
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| List 2 antibiotics used to treat pneumonia | show 🗑
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| List 4 Tx in the medical management of pneumonia | show 🗑
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| True or False: Deep breathing exercises are discouraged for pneumonia PTs due to the inflammation to the lungs and pleural rub | show 🗑
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| show | Critically ill PTs
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| show | True
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| show | Bacterial aspiration
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| How do the s/s of pneumonia differ in older adults? | show 🗑
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| show | *Antitussives work by suppressing cough *Expectorants work by breaking down and thinning secretions, relying on coughs to expel mucus
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| What is the use of antitussives? | show 🗑
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| What is the action of antitussives? | show 🗑
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| What is the action of expectorants? | show 🗑
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| show | False. They both fall under the 'antitussive' category.
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| What are the contraindications of antitussives? | show 🗑
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| show | *Asthmatics *Geriatrics *Debilitated patients
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| show | True.
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| show | *Dizziness *Drowsiness *Nausea *Vomiting
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| show | An inflammation of visceral and parietal pleura
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| show | *Bacterial *Tuberculosis *Pleural trauma *Pulmonary infarction *Lung cancer *Viral infections of intercostal muscles
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| show | *SHARP PAIN ON ISNPIRATION *Fever and dry cough *Dyspnea *Elevated temperature
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| When does the pain of UNTREATED pleurisy subside? | show 🗑
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| show | On the affected side
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| Define pleural effusion: | show 🗑
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| show | INFECTED fluid accumilation in the pleural space.
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| show | Fever persists despite antibiotics.
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| show | *Thoracentesis *Chest tube placement *Antibiotics
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| What is a chest tube inserted for (Tx, not disease) | show 🗑
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| show | Closed
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| True or False: A single chest tube is placed at the base of the affected plural space to drain accumilated fluids. | show 🗑
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| How should a PT with chest tubes be placed, and why? | show 🗑
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| show | *Hypoventilation *Shallow breathing post-op *Mucus accumulation *Compression from tumors *Stasis pneumonia *Aspiration
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| What is atelectasis? | show 🗑
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| What causes atelectasis? (mechanism, not diseases) | show 🗑
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| show | *May cause few, if any, symptoms. *Fever, dyspnia, hypertension, TACHYPNEA if symptoms do occur.
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