BC3 - Liver
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| show | Bile production & excretion; excretion of bilirubin, cholesterol, hormones & drugs; metabolism of fats, proteins, CHO. Enzyme activation
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| show | Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals; Synthesis of plasma proteins - albumin and clotting factor; Blood detoxification and purification
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| show | Stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas - to the liver through the portal vein
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| show | secrete bile
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| Bile Flow | show 🗑
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| Sinusoids | show 🗑
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| Portal Circulation | show 🗑
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| Kupffer Cells | show 🗑
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| show | r/t anything that causes an increase in pressure
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| Obstruction of the portal circulation | show 🗑
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| show | cirrhosis
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| Obstruction of the portal circulation leads to | show 🗑
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| Long term problems of portal hypertension | show 🗑
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| Where do varices occur | show 🗑
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| show | d/t gastric acid & elevated pressure
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| show | vomiting blood, anemia if slow chronic bleed, they will have low Hgb
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| Dx of varices | show 🗑
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| Tx of varices | show 🗑
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| show | Used cocomitantly with NTG to reduce vasopressive action on other organs especially cardiac
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| Sclerotherapy r/t acute bleed of varices | show 🗑
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| TIPPS | show 🗑
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| show | increased pressure in the splenic vein
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| Ascites | show 🗑
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| show | enlarged abd.; visible venous mapping showing collateral circulation; dyspnes because organs displaced; bacterial peritonitis can develoop
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| show | Paracentesis, may spontaneously resolve if functional restoration possible
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| Paracentesis helps to | show 🗑
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| Hepatic Encephalopathy | show 🗑
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| Hepatic encephalopathy was previously called | show 🗑
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| What causes hepatic encephalopathy | show 🗑
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| Early stage s/s of hepatic encephalopathy | show 🗑
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| Late stages s/s of hepatic encephalopathy | show 🗑
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| Liver flap | show 🗑
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| Jaundice (other name) | show 🗑
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| show | Hemolytic, Hepatocellular, Obstructive
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| show | excessive breakdown of RBC's; metabolism of the heme component
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| show | Hepatocytes are damaged; can't conjugate bili; total bilirubin elevated
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| Obstructive jaundice | show 🗑
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| show | r/t water soluble; excreted by kidneys; transformed/metabolized by liver; cirrhosis; biliary obstruction; infectious hep; pancreatic CA; meds
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| Hepatitis | show 🗑
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| Hepatorenal syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | Oliguria, Na & water retention; hypotension; peripheral vasodilation
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| show | alcoholic cirrhosis & fulminant hepatitis
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| show | Viral, most common
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| show | life long carrier
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| show | Fecal Oral route of transmission;
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| show | crowded living, food handlers, contaminated food/water, sexual contact
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| show | Blood/blood products, sexual contact, perinatal transmission, can produce lifelong carrier
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| show | Same as B, Significant number develop chronic
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| show | Causes infection only in conjunction with B (Very fragile); Superinfection; Same as B - unable to survive independently; infectious during all stages
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| show | Fecal-oral
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| show | contaminated water, prevalent in third world countries, unknown period of infectious transmission
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| Prodromal phase (preicteric) | show 🗑
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| S/S of hepatitis during the preicteric phase | show 🗑
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| Icteric phase | show 🗑
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| show | posticteric
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| show | when jaundice resolves; averages 6-8 wks after exposure; symptoms diminish -liver still tender & enlarged; Fnct returns to normal 2-12 wks after onset of jaundice
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| Chronic active hepatitis | show 🗑
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| show | Complication of Hep B/C; Severe impairment or necrosis of liver cells
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| Dx of Cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| show | severe ascites results from cirrhosis as the most common cause
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| show | Alcoholic; Chronic Hep C; Chronic Hep B & D; Autoimmune hepatitis; Inherited disease
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| show | blocked bile ducts; drugs, toxin & infections; Severe reactions to Rx; Prolonged exposure to environmental toxins; Repeat bouts of heart failure with liver congestion
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| Tx of Cirrhosis | show 🗑
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| Cholelithiasis | show 🗑
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| show | cholesterol stones & pigmented stones
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| Cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| S/S of cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| What labs are elevated with cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| Dx of Cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | show 🗑
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| Tx of cholecystitis | show 🗑
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| show | Morphine, Demerol, Dilaudid
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| Pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| show | Alcohol, Obstructive biliary tract disease, peptic ulcers, trauma, hyperlipidemia, certain drugs
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| show | Hypovolemia, Hypotension, Myocardial insufficiency
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| show | tachypnea, hypoxemia (secondary to pulm edema), Atelectasis, Pleural effusions from circulating pancreatic enzymes
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| Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| Tx of Pancreatitis | show 🗑
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| show | Structural or functional impairment; chronic alcoholic, characterized by intermittent pain (may intensify after eating); Steatorrhea; Malabsorption syndrome
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| show | Oral enzymes replacement tx; potential loss of islet cells (lead to IDDM); No More Booze; Surgical intervention; at risk for developing pancreatic CA
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| Surgical intervention of chronic pancreatitis | show 🗑
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Created by:
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