2nd semester Integument TJB
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| What is a primary lesion? | Arises from skin itself, on previously unaltered skin
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| What is a secondary lesion? | change with time or occur because of scratching or infection
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| Name the 4 appendages of the skin | hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands
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| True or false: apocrine and eccrine glands produce sweat | True
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| How long does hair grow in a month? | 1 cm
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| True or false: nails grow from the matrix | True
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| List 7 skin changes related to aging | decreased turgor, thinning, drying, wrinkling, vascular lesions, inc. skin fragility, and benign neoplasms
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| pruritus | itching
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| Describe and give an example of a Macule | smaller, flat, change in skin color, freckle or petechiae
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| Describe and give an example of a Patch | larger, flat, change in skin color, Vitiligo
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| Describe and give an example of a Papule | smaller, palpable, solid, wart or mole
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| Describe and give an example of a Nodule | larger, palpable, solid, lipoma or basal cell carcinoma
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| Describe and give an example of a Vesicle | smaller, palpable, fluid filled, chicken pox or shingles
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| Describe and give an example of a Pustule | size varies, palpable, pus filled, Acne
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| Describe and give an example of a Plaque | Larger, solid, superficial, psoriasis
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| List the 7 primary lesions | Macule, Patch, Papule, Vesicle, Pustule, Plaque
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| List the 7 Secondary lesions | Scar, Keloid, Scale, Atrophy, Excoriation, Fissure, Ulcer
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| Describe and give an example of a Scar | raised, connective tissue, site of trauma, Surgical incision
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| Describe a Keloid | Overgrowth of scar tissue, shiny, benign
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| Describe and give an example of a Scale | flaky, dead cells after epidermal event, Sunburn
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| Describe and give an example of a Atrophy | Thinned skin, depression, Elderly skin
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| Describe and give an example of an Excoriation | epidermis is missing, dermis exposed, Scratches or Abrasions
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| Describe and give an example of a Fissure | linear crack in epidermis, Athlete's foot
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| Describe and give an example of an Ulcer | Loss of epidermis extending into dermis, Pressure ulcer
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| Lentigo | age spots or liver spots
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| When assessing darkly pigmented skin, which areas are more easily seen? | lips, oral mucosa, nail beds, palms, protected areas
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| When assessing darkly pigmented skin, what light is best? | Indirect lighting, otherwise there will be a glare.
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe assymetric. | On one side of body, but not on other
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe confluent | starts wide and merges together
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe diffuse or generalized | evenly distributed all over
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe discrete | hidden, not noticeable, separate
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe localized | in one area
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe symmetric | like a mirror image of pattern
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe solitary | one, alone, separate
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| When discussing skin lesion distributions, describe Zosteriform | start at a specific place and follows a path
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| Chronic or Acute? Wounds due to neuropathy or circulatory changes | Chronic
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| Describe a venous stasis ulcer | blood pools and sits there
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| Describe an arterial insufficiency | demarcated, skin shiny, blood does not get there
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| List 6 Benign skin abnormalities | Acne, Mole, Psoriasis, Skin tags, Lentigo's, Wrinkles
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| List the 2 types of Malignant skin abnormalities | Melanoma (less common but deadlier) and Non-melanoma (Basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma)
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| List the 3 Bacterial skin disorders | Impetigo, Folliculitis, Cellulitis
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| List the 3 Fungal skin disorders | Candidiasis, Tinea corporis, Tinea pedis
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| List the 3 Viral skin disorders | Herpes simplex 1, Herpes simplex 2, Herpes Zoster
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| Which of these 3 skin disorders is the most common? Bacterial, Fungal, or viral? | Bacterial
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| Which is the most predominant bacteria on skin? | Staph
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| Which is the most common bacteria on skin? | E. coli
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| Describe Impetigo and how to treat it | honey, crusty, common with kids, very contagious, Treat with penicillin and anti-bacterial cream
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| Describe Folliculitis and how to treat it | inflammation of a hair follicle (pustule), Treat with anti-staph soap
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| Describe Cellulitis and how to treat it | Inflammation of the sub-q tissues, hot, tender, edema and red, Treat with moist heat- may lead to gangrene if severe
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| actinic keratosis | A rough, sandpaper-textured, premalignant macule or papule caused by excess exposure to UV, Treat by liquid Nitrogen
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| alopecia | absence or loss of hair, Treat by meds or surgery
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| Biopsy | a tissue sample removed, usually to dx
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| configuration | shape and appearance of something
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| cryosurgery | extreme cold to destroy unwanted tissues
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| cyanosis | bluish skin
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| ecchymosis | superficial bleeding under the skin, Bruise
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| erythema | reddening of the skin
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| full thickness burn | 3rd and 4th degree burns, 3rd is through the dermis, burn nerve endings and it doesn't hurt. 4th is down to the bone
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| Partial thickness burn | 1st and 2nd degree burns, 1st is superficial like sunburn. 2nd is deep, causing blisters and pain
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| hirsutism | abnormal growth of hair, excessive or unusual places
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| Infestation | invasion of the body by outsiders
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| jaundice | Yellow skin and eyes, from excess bilirubin in the blood stream, liver problems
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| multiform | having man forms or shapes
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| petechiae | red spots from the bite of a flea
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| photosensitivity | sensitivity to light either from a medication or and autoimmune illness
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| urticaria | An allergic reaction marked by multiple discrete swellings on the skin (wheals) that are intensely itchy and last up to 24 hr. The wheals appear primarily on the chest, back, extremities, face, or scalp.
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| List the 4 types of burns | Thermal, Chemical, Smoke Inhalation, Electrical
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| List some common photosensitizing drugs | Furosemide, methotrexate, ciprofloxacin, diphenhydramine, hydrochlorothiazide, glipizide
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| How are integument changes diagnosed? | Biopsy, clinical presentation, patch test, Wood's lamp (black light)
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| Is isolation required for Herpes Zoster? | If you haven't had chicken pox or vaccine, stay away! If localized, covered and healed- Standard Precautions. If localized and open- Contact Precautions. If disseminated- Airborne precautions
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