RVT
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | Coronary Arteries
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| show | Innominate/Brachiocephalic A.
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| show | RT CCA and RT Subclavian A.
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| 2 branch of AO arch | show 🗑
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| show | Lt Subclavian A
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| Subclavian A becomes | show 🗑
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| Name some branches of the subclavian A | show 🗑
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| Axillary A becomes | show 🗑
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| Brachial A branches into | show 🗑
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| show | antecubital fossa
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| Radial A branches to form | show 🗑
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| ulnar A branches to form | show 🗑
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| Celiac A supplies | show 🗑
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| CA branches into | show 🗑
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| SMA supplies | show 🗑
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| SMA is located | show 🗑
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| T/F: CA and SMA share a common trunk | show 🗑
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| Renal A Supplies | show 🗑
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| in Trv, a landmark for locating the LRA is, | show 🗑
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| IMA supplies | show 🗑
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| show | 3-4 cm above AO bifurcation
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| show | True
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| Internal iliac A AKA | show 🗑
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| the external A passes under the ___ to become the CFA | show 🗑
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| show | SFA and DFA
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| SFA passes through an opening in the tendon called _____,______ or____. it enters the pop fossa behind the knee | show 🗑
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| show | true
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| show | Anterior tibial, posterior tibial, peroneal
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| 1st branch off distal pop a | show 🗑
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| show | Dorsalis pedis A (DPA)
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| Major branch of Dpa | show 🗑
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| show | Tibioperoneal trunk
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| Major branches of PTA | show 🗑
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| show | deep plantar artery (branch of DPA)
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| the _________ unites with the deep plantar artery | show 🗑
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| show | transport gases, nutrient and other essentials
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| show | considered resistance vessels; assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation
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| capillaries: | show 🗑
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| tunica intima/ inner layer | show 🗑
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| show | thicker, composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, largely of the elastic type
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| show | thinner than media, contains fibrous connective tissue, some muscle fibers
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| show | tiny vessels that carry blood to the walls of the larger arteries
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| show | adventitial layer (outter)
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| show | lt ventrical
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| show | pressure gradient
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| show | Cardiac output
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| Arterial pressure and ___ ___, determines the amount of blood that leaves arterial lsystem | show 🗑
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| show | potential
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| show | 1. a pathway along which fluid can flow
2. difference in energy levels (pressure difference)
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| show | 1.energy difference: includes losses resulting from fluid movement.
2.any resistance which tends to oppose such movement
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| show | Lower resistance=higher flow rate;
higher resistance=lower flow rate
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| Pressure (potential)energy: | show 🗑
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| Kinetic energy: | show 🗑
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| gravitational energy: | show 🗑
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| ex. in a supine pt what is the Hp at ankle level | show 🗑
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| show | 100mmHg
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| a ___ ___ is needed to move blood from one point to another | show 🗑
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| show | relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity (body at rest tends to stay at rest)
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| show | vessel diameter
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| show | viscosity, vessel length, and vessel diameter(most dramatic)
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| an elevated hemocratic ___ blood viscosity | show 🗑
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| show | decreases
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| show | increased viscosity= decreased velocity
decreased viscosity= increased velocity
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| laminar flow | show 🗑
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| show | with fasting moving flow in the center; stationary layer remains at the wall
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| show | vessel origin
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| show | viscous
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| ___ losses occur with deviations from laminar flow, due to changes in direction and/or velocity | show 🗑
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| show | parabolic flow profile is flattened,
disorganized flow,
loss occurs at the EXIT of a stenosis
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| poiseuille's equation defines the relationship bt: | show 🗑
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| show | howa much fluid moves through the vessel
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| poiseuille's equation | show 🗑
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| show | directly
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| show | Q=AxV
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| velocity changes: area va velocity in a aneurysm= | show 🗑
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| Bernoulli; pressure/velocity HINT | show 🗑
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| with in a stenosis what is happening with velocity and pressure? | show 🗑
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| what happens post-stenosis with velocity and pressure | show 🗑
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| flow separations occur bc of | show 🗑
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| flow separations result in regions with stagnant or little movement. EX: | show 🗑
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| Reynolds number predicts | show 🗑
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| low resistance flow | show 🗑
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| low resistance flow; EX:arteries | show 🗑
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| High resistance flow | show 🗑
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| high resistance flow ex: arteries | show 🗑
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| show | lower
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| show | higher
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| NOTE: as the inflow pressure falls as a result of stenosis, the natural response in periphery is to | show 🗑
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| show | Collaterals!
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| exercise should induse ___ which lowers distal ____ and increases blood flow | show 🗑
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| vasoconstriction and vasodilation of vessels within skeletal muscles help regulated____ | show 🗑
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| ____is probably the best single vasodilator of resistance vessles within skeletal muscles | show 🗑
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| show | ability of most vascularbeds to maintain constant level of blood flow over a wide range of perfusion pressure
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| show | BP falls=dilation of resistance vessels
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| show | True, may be seen after vigorus exercies
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| show | notable reduction in volume flow and pressure
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| show | diameter reduction of 50%
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| prox to a stenosis: flow freq are usually ___, with or w/o disturbance | show 🗑
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| Entrance to a stenosis an ___ in doppler shift freq (DSF), resulting in ___ and ___ | show 🗑
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| show | claudication, ischemia rest pain, tissue loss
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| pain in muscles usually occurring during exercise; subsides with rest | show 🗑
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| show | inadequate blood supply to muscles
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| With claudication, the level of dz is usually ___ to location of symptoms | show 🗑
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| pseudo-cladication mimics vascular symptoms but is ____ in origin | show 🗑
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| show | pt c/o pain after walking 4 blocks
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| T/F Claudication symptoms are always predictible and reproducable | show 🗑
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| show | ischemic rest pain
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| show | limb is not dependent; BP decreased (such as when sleeping)
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| Necrosis | show 🗑
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| necrosis is due to | show 🗑
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| name the 6 P's (symptoms) of Acute arterial occlusion | show 🗑
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| acute arterial occlusion may result from ___, ___, or___ | show 🗑
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| show | since the abrupt onset does not provide for the development of collateral channels
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| show | whiteness, pale skin, result of deficient blood supply
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| cyanosis | show 🗑
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| show | dark red, suggest dilated vessels, or vessels dilated secondary to reactive hyperemia
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| show | condition that exist when symptoms of intermittent digital ischemia occure in response to cold exposure or emotional stress
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| show | ischemia due to digital arterial spasm (artery is of but stressed)
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| show | common in young women, may be hereditary, bilateral, history of symptoms for 2 years w/o progression/ evidence of cause.
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| t/f primary raynauds is a benign condition? | show 🗑
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| show | obstructive raynauds syndrome
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| Secondary Raynaud's is where: | show 🗑
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| secondary Raynauds may be the 1st manifestation of | show 🗑
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| arterial ulcerations are located: | show 🗑
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| show | deep and more regular in shape
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| show | arterial
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| an increase in the capillary refill time denotes ____ arterial perfusion | show 🗑
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| show | dependent rubor
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| thrills vs bruits | show 🗑
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| show | fistula, post-stenotic turbulence, or a patent dialysis access site
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| show | AO, femoral, pop, DPA, PTA
peroneal is not palpable
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| show | carotid, heart, AO,fem, pop
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| name the 5 risk factors for arterial dz | show 🗑
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| show | atherosclerosis (obliterans)
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| show | thickening, hardening, loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
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| show | intima and media. does not affect outter
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| show | smoking, hpyerlipidemia, family history
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| most common site for atherosclerosis | show 🗑
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| ____ syndrome is caused by obstruction of the AO, occurs in males | show 🗑
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| show | 1 Fatigue in hips, thighs, or calves with exercise
2 absence of femoral pulses
3 impotence
4 often times, pallor and coldness of LE
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| show | Embolism
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| show | small plaque breaks loose and travels distally until it lodges in small vessel
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| ex of embolism; Blue Toe Syndrome- | show 🗑
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| show | all 3
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| show | diffuse, circumferential dilation
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| show | localized out-pouching
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| a small tear of the inner wall allows blood to form a cavity bt 2 wall layers, is known as | show 🗑
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| show | Thoracic AO
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| a ____ results from a defect (ex: post catheter stick) in the main artery wall | show 🗑
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| what must be present to confirm a pseudo aneurysm? | show 🗑
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| show | infra renal
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| locations for an aneurysm include | show 🗑
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| show | rupture
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| show | embolization
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| Arteritis affects what arteries | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of arterial wall, can lead to thrombosis of vessel
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| most common type of arteritis is | show 🗑
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| show | thromboangiitis obliterans
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| arteritis is associated with | show 🗑
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| show | young men <40 yrs. old
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| congenital narrowing or stricture of thoracic AO but may affect abd AO | show 🗑
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| clinical finding of Coarctation | show 🗑
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| show | a thin membrane dividing the arterial lumen into 2 compartments. tear in the intima causes blood to leak into media (false lumen)
know image pg 29
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| complication of dissection is | show 🗑
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| PARKS helps confirm diagnosis and | show 🗑
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| PARKS is unable to discriminate stenosis from | show 🗑
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| show | when a wave is reflected from a moving target, the freq of the wave received is different (doppler shift) from the transmitted wave.
this effect is relative motion bt the source and the receiver of the sound.
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| show | blood is moving target, transducer is stationary source
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| show | employs a zero crossing freq meter to display the signals graphically on a strip chart recorder. Paper speed= 25mm/sec
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| zero crossing freq meter | show 🗑
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| show | low freq waves have few
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| Analog | show 🗑
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| show | time is X-axis, freq shifts Y-axis
free of many analog drawbacks
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| show | a 8-10 MHz CW
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| show | audible and wave form qualities are observed, documented, and combined with doppler segmental pressure
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| show | prox
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| show | Distal
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| analog doppler is not capable of portraying velocities of less than ____ | show 🗑
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| show | decrease gain, turn system off/on, increase filter,try another plug
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| Pulsatility index calculated by | show 🗑
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| show | inflow dz from outflow
ex. aorto-iliac from femoral
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| show | helps to differentiate inflow dz from outflow
prox art obst results in a slowing of the time interval bt the onset of systole to the point of max peak
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| show | an acceleration time of >133 msec suggest presence of prox dz
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| show | assess presence/ severity of arterial dz.
combined with doppler velocity or volume pulse waveforms
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| t/f segmental pressures can discriminate bt stenosis and occlusion | show 🗑
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| show | elevated
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| uncompensated CHF may result in ___ abi | show 🗑
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| show | artifactually elevated high thigh pressures
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| show | 20 min
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| HINT: if cuff is too large for a limb segment, BP is falsely lower; | show 🗑
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| width of cuff should be ___% > than diameter of limb | show 🗑
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| show | Brachial, high thigh, above knee (AK), below knee (BK), ankle
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| show | 12's (12x40)
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| where do you place cuffs for 3 cuff method | show 🗑
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| show | 19x40
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| order of segmentals | show 🗑
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| NOTE: you must start at ___ and move ___ to eliminate the possibility of underestimating the systolic pressure measurement. | show 🗑
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| how high do you inflate the cuff during segmentals | show 🗑
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| How do you calculate abi's? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.0
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| an abi of ___-___ may suggest asymptomatic dz or mild arterial dz | show 🗑
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| show | 0.5-0.9
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| show | 0.5
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| an abi of >1.3-1.5 is considered ____ | show 🗑
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| segmential pressure drops of >30mmHg bt 2 consecutive levels suggest ___ dz | show 🗑
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| show | at or above the level in the leg with the lower pressure
see ex. pg 41
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| show | highest brachial
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| show | highest brachial
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| toe pressures of ___ are evident in foot and toe ulcers that fail to heal | show 🗑
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| In diabetic pts, are abi or toe pressures more reliable? | show 🗑
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| show | SOB, server hypertension, signif cardiac problems, stroke, walking problems
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| what does pt walk on for exercising exam? | show 🗑
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| what do you document during exercise testing? | show 🗑
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| show | increased
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| show | 2 min
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| show | 2-6
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| Multi-level dz takes ___-___ min for the abi to increase back to resting levels after exercise | show 🗑
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| reactive hyperemia is | show 🗑
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| show | bilateral thigh cuff (19's) inflated to supersystolic pressure levels (usually 20-30mmHg above the highest brachial) maintain pressure for 3-5 mins
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| show | ischemia and vasodilation distal to the occluding cuffs
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| single level dz ____% drop in ankle pressure w reactive hyperemia | show 🗑
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| multi level dz ____% anlke pressure drop w reactive hyperemia | show 🗑
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| show | 12 cuff on upper arm, 10 cuff on forearm
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| allen test evaluates: | show 🗑
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| show | manual compression of Radial A. my tech, Pt clenches fist 1min, inducing pallor increasing resistance. pt then relaxes hand.
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| show | reappearence of normal color to indicate the ulnar artery is providing flow to the palmer arch
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| show | color does not reappear to indicate: an ulnar artery occlusion, or palmer arch obstruction
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| show | PPG on index finger to document arterial pulsation
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| show | subclavian artery
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| a >15-20 mmHg drop from upper arm to forearm suggest: | show 🗑
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| show | if impotence is related to peripheral vascular insufficiency
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| show | doppler CFA,PTA,DPA
calculate ABI
penile pressure obtained w PPG end point detector
cuff size 2.5 cm
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| show | >0.75
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| penile/ brachial index: Marginal | show 🗑
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| penile/brachial index: ANB | show 🗑
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| reduced pressure highly suggestive of ___ | show 🗑
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| show | cavernosal aeteries measured in trv,
PSV/EDV obtained
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| show | 7-10 MHz
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| medication in injected to induce erection, obtain measurement ___ post injection | show 🗑
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| show | Dorsal vein velosity
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| show | 3 hrs, priapism
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| penile imaging interpretation: NORMAL | show 🗑
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| show | normal <3 cm/sec
Abn >20 cm/sec
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| show | true claudication from non-vascular sources.
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| show | presence/absence of arterial dz while defining its functional aspects
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| show | localize
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| PPG is mainly used for evaluation of ___ and ____ | show 🗑
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| show | assessment of follow up treatment
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| can plethysmography discriminate between major arteries and collaterals | show 🗑
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| is Plethysmography specific to one vessel | show 🗑
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| show | volume change
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| in Volume-PG, a measured about of air is sequentially inflated into a cuff to pressures ranging ____to _____mmHg | show 🗑
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| show | volume
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| show | cutaneous blood flow, rather than truly measureing volume change
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| show | light emitting diode and photo-sensor
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| show | infrared
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| the ____ determines the reflection | show 🗑
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| show | increased blood flow results in decreased reflection. HOwever, that is displayed as an increased/positive deflection on the waveform. (alot of blood flow sucks up light, decreasing what is returned= positive deflection which is a good sign)
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| show | upper, distally
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| w PPG abn waveforms always reflect hemo signif dz ____ to level of tracing | show 🗑
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| what is displacement plethysmography? | show 🗑
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Created by:
candaceh71