Joint and Bone Classification
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| Long Bones | Found only in limbs. Consist of long cylindric shaft (body) and two enlarged rounded ends.
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| Short Bones | Cancellous bone.
Red marrow
Compact bone outer layer
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| Irregular Bones | Shape and variety fits into no other catagory.
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| Flat Bones | Consist largely of two table of compact bone with inner layer of cancellous bone and red marrow (diploid).
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| Sesamoid bones | Small oval bones that develop inside/beside tendons.
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| Fibrous Joints | Do not have joint cavity.
United by fibrous and connective tissue.
Strongest joints
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| Syndesmosis | Fibrous joint
immovable / slightly movable joint.
United by sheets of fibrous tissue.
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| Suture | Immovable
fibrous joint
only in skull
interlocking bones
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| Gomphosis | fibrous joint
immovable joint only in roots of teeth
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| Cartilaginous Joints | no joint cavity
virtually immovable
Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
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| Symphysis | Carilaginous joint
Slightly movable
pad of fibrocartilage
hyaline cartilage ends
Strength and shock absorb
(Pubic symphysis)
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| synchondrosis | cartilaginous joint
immovable
rigid cartilage uniting two bones
(epiphyseal plate)
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| Synovial joint | wide range of motion
freely movable
most complex
Synovial capsule
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| Gliding (plane) | Simplest synovial joint
uniaxial movement
Flat or slightly curved surface
(intercarpal, intertarsal)
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| Hinge | Synovial
Uniaxial
only flexion and extension
(elbow, knee, ankle)
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| Pivot (trochoid) | Synovial
uniaxial
rotate around single axis
(atlas and axis)
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| Ellipsoid (condyloid) | Synovial
Biaxial two direction right angle movement
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
(radiocarpal joint in wrist)
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| Saddle (sellar) | Synovial, biaxial movement, both concave and convex, side to side-up and down movement. carpometacarpal (thumb) is only one.
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| Ball and Socket (spheroid) | synovial
multiaxial movement
flexion, extension, abduction,adduction, circumduction, rotation.
Hip and shoulder
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| Functional Classification | Synarthroses, amphiarthrosis, diarthroses
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| synarthroses | immovable joint in functional classification system
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| amphiarthroes | slightly movable joint in functional classification system
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| diarthroses | freely movable joint in functional classification.
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| Define closed fracture | Fracture that does not break through skin
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| Displaced fracture | Serious fracture in which bones are not in an anatomic alignment
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| Non displaced fracture | Fracture in which bones are in normal alignment
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| Open fracture | Serious fracture in which bone projects through skin
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| 3 types of fibrous joints | syndesmosis, suture, gomphosis
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| 2 types cartilaginous joints | Symphysis, synchondrosis
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| 6 synovial joints | gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid ,saddle, ball and socket
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