Bushong Ch 10
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| x-rays interact with matter in the following five ways. | show 🗑
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| show | Compton effect and photoelectric effect.
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| show | The wavelength of the radiation
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| True or False: X-rays have very short wavelengths. | show 🗑
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| show | shorter
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| show | electrons; nuclei.
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| show | Classical scattering or Thompsons scattering.
Low energy x-rays (below 10 keV) and atoms
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| In Coherent Scattering the incident x-ray interacts with a target atom causing it to become? | show 🗑
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| (Coherent Scattering) The excited atom immediately releases this excess energy as a scattered x-ray with a wavelength equal to the incident x-ray. True or Fase | show 🗑
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| show | A slightly different direction.
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| show | energy
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| show | ionization.
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| Most coherent scattered x-rays are scattered in what direction? | show 🗑
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| Coherent scattering is of little importance to? | show 🗑
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| show | The compton effect or compton scattering.
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| show | ionization
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| show | A Compton electron or a secondary electron.
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| show | different; less
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| show | True
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| (Compton Effect) The energy of the ejected electron is equal to? | show 🗑
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| show | Ei=Es (Eb+Eke)
Ei is the energy of the incident x-ray
Es is the energy of the scattered x-ray
Eb is the electron binding energy
Eke is the kinetic energy of the electron.
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| During a Compton interaction, most of the energy is divided between? | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | none
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| (Compton Effect) As the angle of defelction increases to 180 degrees, more energy is transferred to? | show 🗑
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| show | Two-thirds
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| show | Backscatter radiation
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| (Compton Effect) The probability of the Compton effect decreases as x-ray energy? | show 🗑
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| show | atomic number
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| show | image contrast
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| Compton scattering in tissue can occur with all x-rays and therefore is of considerable importance in? | show 🗑
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| Scattered x-rays provide what kind of information on the radiograph? | show 🗑
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| The photoelectric effect occurs when an incident x-ray is totally absorbed during the ionization of an inner shell electron. True or False? | show 🗑
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| (Photoelectric Effect) The electon removed from the atom is called? | show 🗑
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| What happens to the incident x-ray during the photoelctric effect? | show 🗑
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| show | a characteristic x-ray.
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| show | A vacancy in the K shell
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| A photoelectric interaction CANNOT occur unless the incident x-ray has energy how much energy? | show 🗑
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| show | False. It is directly proportionalx-ray to the third power of the x-ray energy and inversely proportional to the third power of the absorbing material.
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| show | True
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| True of False: Pair production occurs during x-ray imaging. | show 🗑
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| If an incident x-ray has sufficient energy, it may escape interaction with electrons and come close enough to the nucleus of the atom to be influenced by the? | show 🗑
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| show | disappear; two; positively; negatively; pair production
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| show | 1.02 MeV.
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| (Pair Production) The x-ray interacts with? | show 🗑
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| show | Two
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| show | 0.51 MeV
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| Because two electrons are formed in pair production interaction with 0.51 MeV, the incident photon must have at least how much energy? | show 🗑
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| (Photodisintegration) X-rays with energy above approximately 10 MeV can escape interaction with electrons and the nuclear force field and will be absorbed by what? | show 🗑
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| (Photodisintegration) When the high energy x-ray is completely absorbed by the nucleus, the nucleus is raised to an excited state and instantly emits a nucleon or other nuclear fragment. This process is called what? | show 🗑
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| True or False: Photodisintegration does NOT occur in diagnostic radiology. | show 🗑
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| show | high energy; nucleus
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| (Photodisintegration) The x-ray is absorbed by the nucleus, and the nuclear fragment is emitted. True or False? | show 🗑
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| (Differential Absorption) More important than the interaction of the x-ray by Compton or photoelectric effect is the x-ray transmitted through the body without interacting. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| (Differential Absorption) Of the five ways an x-ray can interact with tissue, how many are important to radiology? | show 🗑
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| (Differential Absorption) Compton scatter results in image noise. True of False? | show 🗑
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| show | reduced.
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| show | 1%
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| (Differential Absorption) An x-ray image results from the difference between x-rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient & those transmitted to the image receptor. This difference in x-ray interaction is called? | show 🗑
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| (Differential Absorption) The relative probability of interaction between bone and soft tissue (differential absorption) remains constant, whereas the absolute probability of each decreases with increasing energy. True or False | show 🗑
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| show | the absorbed x-rays produce the white images on the radiograph, such as bones.
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| (differential Absorption) At low energies, most x-ray interactions with tissue are photoelectric. At high energies, Compton scattering predominates. True of False. | show 🗑
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| show | proportional. When mass density is doubled, the chance for x-ray interaction is doubled because twice as many electrons are available for interaction.
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| show | Barium and iodine compounds.
Contrast agents.
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| Air is still used for contrast in some examinations of the colon along with barium; this is called? (Contrast Examinations) When used in this fashion, air is what type of contrast agent? | show 🗑
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| show | Coherent scattering, Compton effect, photoelectric effect, pair production, and photodisintegration.
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| show | The atomic number of the tissue atoms, the mass density, and the x-ray energy.
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| show | True
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| (Exponential Attenuation) The total reduction in the number of x-rays remaining in an x-ray beam after penetration through a given thickness of tissue is called? | show 🗑
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| (Exponential Attenuation) Attenuation is the product of? | show 🗑
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| (Exponential Attenuation) X-rays are attenuated exponentially which means what? | show 🗑
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| (Exponential Attenuation) Attenuated x-rays are reduced in number by a given percentage for each incremental thickness of tissue they go through. | show 🗑
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| show |
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Created by:
Baker RAD 2012
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