Digestive System
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| Irregular tube open at both ends | Digestive system
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| 2 other terms used for the Digestive system | Alimentary Canal ; Gastrointestinal Tract
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| 2 Types of Digestion | Mechanical & Chemical
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| 3 processes of food | 1. Digestion; 2. Absorbtion; 3. Metabolism
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| Main Organs (8) MPESIRA | Mouth; Pharynx; Esophagus; Stomach; Small Intestines; Large Intestines; Rectum; Anal Canal
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| Accessory Organs (7) TTSLGPA | Teeth, Tongue, Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Appendix
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| Hollow space in the digestive tube is known as ____________ | Lumen
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| 4 Tissue Layers of the Digestive Tube | 1. Mucosa; 2. Submucosa; 3. Muscularis; 4. Serosa
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| Blood vessels and nerves are in this layer ____ | Submucosa
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| Covers the outside of organs (Serosa layer) | Visceral Peritoneum
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| Double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the loops of the digestive tract to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity | Mesentary
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| Food material is moved through the digestive tube by this motion _____________ | Peristalsis
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| What layer is responsible for peristalsis? | Muscularis
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| The serosa layer of the digestive tube in the abdominal cavity is composed of _____________ | Visceral peritoneum
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| The large double fold of peritoneal tissue that anchors the digestive tract to the posterior abdominal cavity is called _____________ | Mesentary
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| The hollow chamber with a roof, floor and walls | Mouth or oral cavity
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| Roof of the mouth is composed of what? | Hard & soft palate
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| This is the arch shaped muscle that separates the mouth from the pharynx | Soft Palate
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| The part of the mouth made of parts of the maxillary & palantine bones | Hard Palate
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| This prevents food and liquid from entering the nasal cavity | Uvula
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| Fold of the mucous membrane that helps to anchor the tongue is called what? | Lingual Frenulum
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| Someone referred to as "Tongue Tied" has this abnormality? | Short lingual frenulum
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| Small elevations on the mucosa of the tongue | Papillae
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| 4 Types of Teeth | Incisors, canines (cuspids), premolars (bicuspids), molars (Tricuspids)
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| 3 parts of the teeth | crown, neck, root
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| How many teeth are in the adult mouth | 32
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| How many teeth in the temporary set | 20
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| Enamel covers this part of the crown | Dentin
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| The cementum covers this part of the teeth | Neck and roots
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| At the neck, the cementum is covered by what kind of tissue? | Gum tissue (gingival)
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| This membrane anchors the teeth and lines the socket. | Periodontal Membrane
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| ________ _________ is disease of enamel, dentin and cementum and leads to a permanent defect called cavities | Dental Caries
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| Baby teeth are referred to as | Deciduous
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| Chewing is referred to as ___________ | Mastication
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| This is the accessory gland that is the 1st step in digestion. | Salivary glands
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| What are the 3 salivary glands? | Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual
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| Which salivary gland opens on either side of the lingual frenulum? | Submandibular
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| This gland is associate with the Mumps. | Parotid
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| Deciduous teeth do not have these? | Premolars
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| This attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth | Lingual Frenulum
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| The wall of the pulp cavity is covered by this | Dentin
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| The permanent central incisor erupts between the ages of ____ & _____ | 7 and 8
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| The 3rd premolar is often refered to as this and appears at what age? | Wisdom Teeth; 17-24
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| The volume of saliva secreted by an adult per day is____________ | 1 liter
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| How many premolars are there? | 2
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| How many incisors are there in an adult? | 8
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| This tubelike stucture functions as part of the respiratory and digestive system. | Pharynx
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| Food enters the stomach by passing through the muscular _____________ _________ of the esophagus. | cardiac sphincter
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| Name the 3 parts of the stomach. | Fundus, body, pylorus
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| After the food has set in the stomach for approximately this amount of time, chyme then enters into the small intestines | 3 hours
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| The stomach folds are called? | Rugae
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| The intestinal folds are called? | Plicae
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| The lower left border of the stomach is called? | Greater curvature
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| This condition could cause chyme to go in a backward movement and into the lower part of the esophagus | Hiatal Hernia
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| Name the parts of the small intestine. | Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| The union of the cystic duct and hepatic duct form the ? | Common Bile Duct
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| Each villus in the intestine contains a lymphatic vessel that absorbs fat material | Lacteal
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| The middle 3rd of the duodenum contains this opening? | Major duodenal papilla
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| Most gastric and duodenal ulcers result from an infection with the bacterium: | Helicobacter pylori
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| What kind of gland is the liver? | Exocrine
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| Fats in the chyme stimulate the secretion of the hormone ____________ in the duodenum: | Cholecystokinin
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| What does the hormone cholecystokinin act upon? | The contraction of the gallbladder thus releasing the stored bile.
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| What breaks large fat globules into smaller fat globules? | Bile
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| The 2 products used to break down fat? | Bile & Lipase
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| This organ is the majority of absorbtion | Small intestines
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| What is the most important digestive juice? | Pancreatic juice
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| What is the purpose of sodium bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas? | In neutralized the hydrochloric acid from the stomach (from gastric juice)
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| Why is pancreatic juice the most important digestive juice? | It contains enzymes that digest all 3 major kinds of foods.
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| The 2 main functions of bile is what? | Rid the body of cholesterol and emulsify fats.
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| The large intestine is approximately how long? | 5 feet.
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| Undigested or unabsorbed food enters the large intestine through what valve? | Ileocecal valve
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| Bacteria in the large intestine is responsible for the production of what vitamin? | Vitamin K and some B-Complex vitamins
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| Normal passage of material in the large intestine takes approximately how long? | 3 to 5 days.
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| Name (in order as material passes) the sections of the large intestine: | Cecum, ascending colon, Hepatic flexure, Transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum, Anal Canal
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| The large, moist slippery sheet of serous memebrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs is called what? | Peritoneum
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| The part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity is called what layer? | Parietal Layer
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| What part of the peritoneum covers all of the organs within the abdominal cavity? | Visceral layer
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| The small space between the parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum is called what? | Peritoneal Space
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| What are the 2 most prominent extensions of the peritoneum? | Mesentary and Greater Omentum
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| Gastric juice does or does not contain any carbohydrate digesting enzymes? | Does not.
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| The pancreatic enzyme that starts the digestive process of carbohydrates is called? | Amylase
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| Amylase breaks down what? | Polysaccharides into disaccharides
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| What 3 enzymes break down disaccharides into simple sugars? | Maltase, Sacrase, Lactase
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| The most abundant monosaccharide is ? | Glucose
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| Which food digestion starts in the stomach? | Protein
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| Pepsinogen in gastric juice becomes _____________, an active enzyme when combined with ___________. | Pepsin, Hydrocholoric acid
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| Once protein enters the intestine, another enzyme from pancreatic juice and a different enzyme from intestinal juice finish protein digestion. What are these enzymes? | Tripase from pancreatic juice and peptidases from intestinal juice
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| What is the end product of protein digestion? | Amino Acid
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| What product from the liver emulsifies fat? | Bile
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| What finishes fat digestion and where does it come from? | Lipase from the Pancreas
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| Amylase digests what and comes from what 2 juices? | starches and comes from saliva and pancreas
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| The end product of Amylase is what? | Maltose (Disaccharides)
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| Gastic juice contains what 2 components? | Pepsin and hydrochloric acid (protein digestion)
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| Pancreatic juice contains what 3 substances? | Proteases (trypsin), Lipases, Amylase
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| The end product of Proteases from the pancreas is what? | Amino acid and peptides
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| Intestinal juices contain what enzymes? | Peptidases, sucrase, lactase, maltase
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