ARRT review Radiograph Procedures
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| What is a hypersthenic body type? | the body is large and heavy, stomach is transverse
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| What is an asthenic body type? | the body is slender and light, the stomach is very long and low
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| What is a sthenic body? | the body build is average and athletic
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| What is a hpyosthenic body? | the body is somewhat lighter and less robust; the stomach, instestines, and gallbladder is situated higher
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| What are some localization points | T2-T3 Jugular notch T10 Xiphoid tip T12-L3 Kidneys L4 Iliac crest S1-S2 ASIS
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| What is the position called where the patient is recumbent and the head is positioned at a level lower than the feet? | Trendelenburg position
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| What are the functions of teh skeletal system? | support, reservoir for minerals, muscle attachment/movement, protection, hematopoiesis
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| What are the two bone tissue types? | cortical (hard, compact) and cancellour (sponagy)
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| What does a gliding (plane) joint do? | Simplest motion, least movement, smooth/sliding motion
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| What movement does a pivot joint enable? | permits roation around a single axis
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| What movement does a hinge joint permit? | permits flexion and extension
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| What movement does a ball and socket joint enable? | permits flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, and circuduction with more motion distally and less proximally
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| What movement does the condyloid joint permit? | permits flexion, extension,abduction,adduction, and circuduction (no rotation)
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| What movement does the saddle joint permit? | permits flexion, extention, adduction, and circumduction
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| Name the tarsal bones | calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, first/medial cuneiform, second/intermediate cuneiform, and the third/lateral cuneiform
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| What is a simple fracture? | an undisplaced fracture
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| What is a compound fracture? | fractured end of bone has penetrated skin (open fracture)
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| What is an imcomplete fracture? | fracture tht does not traverse entire bone, little or no displacement
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| What is a greenstick fracture? | a break of cortex on one side of bone onle; found in infants and children
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| What is a buckle fracture? | a greenstick fracture with one cortex buckled/compacted and the other intact
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| What is a stress/fatigue fracture? | a response to repeated song, powerful force (ie: jogging, marching)
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| What is an avulsion fracture? | a small bony fragment pulled from bony prominence as a result of forceful pull of the attached ligament or tendon (chip fracture)
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| What is a hairline fracture? | faint undisplaced fracture
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| What is a comminuted fracture? | one fracture composed of several fragments
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| What is a butterfly fracture? | a comminuted fracture with one or more wedge or butterfly wing-shaped pieces
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| What is the skull composed of? | cranium and facial bones
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| Name the 14 facial bones | nasal(2), lacrimal (2), palatine (2), inferior nasal conchae (2), maxillae (2), and zygomatic bones (2), vomer (1) and mandible (1)
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| What are teh major sutures of the cranium? | sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal, and squammosal
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| What are the 8 cranial bones? | frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipial, ethmoid, sphenoid
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| What is a linear fracture? | a skull fracture, straight and sharply defined
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| What is a depressed fracture? | a comminuted skull fracture with one or more portions pushed inward
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| What is a hangman's fracture? | a fracture of C2 with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3; result of forceful hyperextension
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| What is a compression fracture? | Diminished thickness or width as a result of compression-type force especially of spongy bone.
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| What is a blowout fracture? | A fracture of the orbital floor as a result of a direct blow
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| What are the four fundamental baselines used in skull radiography? | Glabellomeatal (GML), Orbitomeatal (OML), infraorbitomeatal (IOML), acanthiomeatal line (AML)
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