1307 Unit 4 BP
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| show | asceptic necrosis of head of femur; s/s pain in hip and groin and a limp with muscle spasms and limitation of motion; mimic synovitis (innovation of a joint); difficult to diagnose; diagnosis done by radiographic examiniation that may need to be repeated
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| show | each lasts 9 months to 1 year; first stage - x-ray studies show opacity of the epiphysis of femur; 2nd stage - epiphysis becomes mottled and fragmented; 3rd stage - reossification occurs
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| treatment of Legge-Calve-Perthes Disease | show 🗑
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| Bryant's traction | show 🗑
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| show | body provides countertraction to weights; used for short-term immobilization to correct contractures and bone deformities such as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease; don't let child slide down in bed; weights hang freely; ropes aligned with pulleys
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| show | more effective for older children; same as Buck's but leg is elevated and hoist is placed under knee (see pg. 885)
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| Duchenne's muscular distrophy | show 🗑
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| Duchenne's muscular distrophy | show 🗑
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| treatment for soft tissue injury | show 🗑
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| show | used for suspected pathological condition; affected areas compared with unaffected
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| bone scan | show 🗑
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| show | cross sectional picture of bone and relationship to other structures
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| show | detailed pics of soft tissue
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| ultrasound | show 🗑
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| show | bone infection from Staph. aureus; more common in boys; results from a primary infection burns, or furuncle, penetrating wound or fracture; infection carried through blood to metaphysis (growing portion) of bone where abcess forms, ruptures and spreads
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| show | CMS - circulation, movement, sensation; assesses for impaired neurovascular function; observe, document, report the five P's (pain, pulse, paresthesia, paralysis, pallor); check for heat, non-fitting cast, temperature (danger signals)
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| scoliosis - functional - define | show 🗑
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| Milwaukee brace | show 🗑
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| show | upper (proximal) end of the esophagus ends in a blind pouch and the lower (distal) segment from the stomach is connected to the trachea by a fustulous tract
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| show | chokes, coughs, regurgitates when fed as it enters the blind pouch; continuous gentle suction to avoid mucous aspiration; IV fluids; observe for signs
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| show | sunken eyes, dark circles under eyes, poor skin turgor, anuria, lab shows high specific gravity, dark urine, decreased activity, no tears when crying, mouth sticky and dry
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| show | characterized by hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus, severe narrowing of its lumen; distal end of stomach becomes dilated
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| show | eats well, gains weight first weeks of light; later starts vomiting after meals; within a few days the vomiting increases in frequency and force, becoming projectile
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| show | determine when vomiting started and it's characteristics; physical exam may show dehydration; help determine need for fluid and electrolyte replacement
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| treatment for pyloric stenosis | show 🗑
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| show | child unknowingly swallows pinworm eggs; hatch in intestinal tract and grow in cecum; femal work lays eggs on the perineum; s/s - anal itching; treatment - antihelmintics (Mebendazole (Vermox); repeat meds in 2-3 weeks; teach handwashing; change bedding
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| show | large intestinal worm found only in humans; from contact of feces of people with infestation; found where sanitary facilities are lacking
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| show | live in human intestinal tract, attaches itself to the wall of small intestine; eggs come out in feces of host; prevalent in areas where infected human feces are on the ground and where soil, moisture, temp are favorable for development (SE US, W Africa)
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| show | ribbonlike stools; abdominal distention; anorexia; vomiting; failure to thrive; laxatives without success; untreated leads to intestinal obstruction and shock, interocolitis; barium enema and rectal biopsy
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| diarrhea | show 🗑
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| show | infectious diarrhea; inflammation of stomach and intestines; identify and erradicate cause; oral rehydration
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| vomiting | show 🗑
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| show | can cause acidosis
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| Tylenol antidote | show 🗑
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| lead poisoning | show 🗑
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| Celiac disease | show 🗑
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| oral rehydration therapy | show 🗑
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| show | fungal infection in the oral cavity; causes white patches on the tongue; treatment - Nystatin
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| UTI | show 🗑
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| more causes of UTI | show 🗑
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| hypospadias | show 🗑
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| epispadias | show 🗑
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| nephrotic syndrome | show 🗑
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| glomerulophritis | show 🗑
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| show | assess airways especially if around face or mouth; severity depends on area, extent, depth, burn is calculated according to body surface area
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| show | 2nd degree burns will hurt around edges; 3rd degree - nerve damage - won't hurt as bad at first; give pain meds 30 minutes before wound care; clean with mild soap and water; debridement - to remove necrotic skin
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| show | temporary; to drain urine from kidneys when there is an issue or blockage
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| show | abdominal neoplasm of kidney most common in intra-abdominal tumor; peaks at 3 y.o.; treatment - surgery, chemo with radiation, support, prepare for diagnostic tests/treatments; no abdominal palpitation (may rupture/spread); careful handling and bathing
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| Undescended testes | show 🗑
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| show | diagnostic test for vesicoureteral reflux; inject with dye and pee on table
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| show | prevents UTI
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| scabies | show 🗑
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| show | Elimite or lindane lotion - scrub with soap and water the apply lotion as directed. Permiethrin is preffered due to decreased risk of neurologic problems; left on skin 8-14 hrs; treat people in close contact; wash clothing, soft toys, bedding
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| show | Pronto, RID, Nix (Permethrin), prescription is Malathion (Ovide); use again 7-10 days later
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| show | wash bedding and clothing in hot water and dry in hot dryer; vacuum carpets, car seats, mattresses, upholstery, pillows, stuffed animals, dry clean non-washables, seal in plastic bag 2 weeks; wash hair items; report to school or daycare; clean headphones
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| show | well-balanced nutritious diet; caused by increased hormones, especially androgens; heredity; irritation and irritating substances (vigorous scrubbing; growth of anaerobic bacteria
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| cradle cap | show 🗑
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| show | characterized by 3 factors: hereditary predisposition, hypersensitivity of deeper layers of skin to protein or proteinlike allergens; allgergens to which child is sensitive that may be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through direct contact
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| show | usually starts on cheeks and spreads to extensor surfaces of arms and legs; entire trunk may become affected; reddening of skin is quickly followed by papule and vesicle formation; itching is intense, scratching makes skin weep and crust
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| common eczema allergens: | show 🗑
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| treatment for eczema | show 🗑
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| spongiosis | show 🗑
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| eczema | show 🗑
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| show | best applied right after warm bath; in direction of hair growth; pea-size amount of ointment; use elbow restraints; no topical steroids if viral infection present; avoid cortisone creams
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| show | miliaria - caused by excessive heat and moisture; retention of sweat and glad becomes blocked and inflammation response begins; tiny, pin-head reddened papules develop; may itch; harmless; seen in hot weather; reversed by removing clothes
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| show | common hemangioma; harmless; disturbing to parents; on head or face; starts flat, may become raised; gradually blanches; removed with laser or excision
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| show | change frequently without waiting for obvious leaking; wash and cleanse each change; no baby powder; A&D ointment
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| show | fingers, toes, ears
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| diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| hypoglycemia treatment | show 🗑
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| show | s/s - sluggishness, dry skin, cold hands and feet, dry brittle hair, enlarged tongue; treatment - Levothyroxine
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| show | thirst never satisfied; watch for water intoxication; commonly seen with head injury; decreased pituitary function and decreased vasopressin (ADH); polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss, dehydration, dry skin
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| show | contact precautions (after sores appear); droplet/airborn precautions (before sores)
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| incubation period for varicella | show 🗑
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| Hep B immunizations | show 🗑
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| Hep A | show 🗑
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| show | cannot get flu, varicella, MMR vaccines (pros/cons would be weighed for MMR)
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| Fifth's disease | show 🗑
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| opportunistic infection | show 🗑
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| what type of immunity is a vaccination? | show 🗑
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| neutropenic patient | show 🗑
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| show | TB test
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| Emula Cream | show 🗑
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| show | take it all; use birth control
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| whooping cough vaccine | show 🗑
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| why would the nurse delay immunizing? | show 🗑
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| show | cover yourself; light clothing; check for ticks
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| show | Koplik spots - small red spots with blue-white centers
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| MMR schedule | show 🗑
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| who will not get live virus? | show 🗑
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| what meds contradict vaccines? | show 🗑
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| show | check kidney function; uses dye to check that urine stays in the bladder, doesn't go back up into kidneys
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| Scabies is a | show 🗑
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| Tx of Scabies | show 🗑
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| show | do not forget to clean the sheets, stuffed animals, couch, and anything child may have come in contact with.
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| show | do not share combs, headgear or bed linens!
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| show | Nonprescription meds are available to treat cases of head lice. Products such as Pronto, RID, NIX. These are safe and usually effective in killing the lice.
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| Superficial or First degree burns | show 🗑
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| Partial-Thickness or Second Degree burns | show 🗑
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| show | Dry with leathery eschar until debridement; charred blood vessels visible under eschar. Mixed white, dark , charred in color. Little or no pain; hair pulls out easily. Down to and including subq. tissue may include fascia, muscle and bone!
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| Emergency Treatment of burns | show 🗑
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| acne prevention | show 🗑
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| tay-sachs | show 🗑
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| show | self-management.
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| Staphylococcal infection | show 🗑
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| show | ointments. MRSA-strict standard precautions
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| show | looks like a burn. child abuse suspected. Strict isolation, iv antibiotics, prevention of secondary infections, maintainw armth and fluid electrolyte balance.
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| show | Athletes foot. Between toes, on instep and on soles. OTC topical therapy. Aggravated by heat and moisture. Keep feet DRY.
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| Nutrition for healing with burns | show 🗑
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| show | Clothing, cooling, cleaning, chemoprophylaxis (medications), covering, comfort
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| RSV precautions | show 🗑
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| show | caused by a deer tick bite. Incubation: 3-30days. Not communicable bw people. Avoid ticks. Inspect skin after being in wooded area. Starts as a red papule that spreads and becomes a large round red ring. Antibiotics to treat.
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